QEMU环境准备

下载 qemu

# qemu
sudo apt install qemu-system-arm
# gdb
sudo apt install gdb-multiarchsudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install build-essential zlib1g-dev pkg-config libglib2.0-dev \libpixman-1-dev libfdt-dev ninja-build

下载并自行编译 qemu(可选)

# 克隆 QEMU（支持 TrustZone 的版本） 使用 gitee 镜像
git clone https://gitee.com/openeuler/qemu.git -b v7.2.0sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install build-essential zlib1g-dev pkg-config libglib2.0-dev \libpixman-1-dev libfdt-dev ninja-build# 配置时有些submodule无法链接，在gitee找到替代源
./configure --target-list=aarch64-softmmu --enable-debug# 通过.gitmodules确认缺的仓库的目录路径，单独拉子仓库
# dtc
mkdir dtc
cd dtc
git clone https://gitee.com/chuanpen/qemu_dtc.git .
# meson
mkdir meson
cd meson/
git clone https://gitee.com/chuanpen/qemu_meson.git .
# berkeley-softfloat-3
mkdir -p tests/fp/berkeley-softfloat-3
cd tests/fp/berkeley-softfloat-3/
git clone https://gitee.com/chuanpen/qemu_berkeley-softfloat-3.git .
# keycodemapdb
mkdir -p ui/keycodemapdb
cd ui/keycodemapdb/
git clone https://gitee.com/chuanpen/qemu_keycodemapdb.git .# 运行配置命令
./configure --target-list=aarch64-softmmu --enable-debug# 编译qemu
make -j$(nproc)

下载arm-none编译器

进入 https://developer.arm.com/downloads/-/arm-gnu-toolchain-downloads

选择 AArch64 bare-metal target (aarch64-none-elf)

arm-gnu-toolchain-14.2.rel1-aarch64-aarch64-none-elf.tar.xz

使用qemu先跑个裸机程序练手

创建 arm.s 程序

    .section .text.globl _start_start:mov x0, #1      // X0 = 1mov x1, #1      // X1 = 1add x0, x0, x1  // X0 = X0 + X1 (1 + 1 = 2)1:  b 1b

使用qemu启动一个裸机汇编程序.bin

# 编译程序，链接地址为 0x40100000
aarch64-none-elf-as arm.s -o arm.o
aarch64-none-elf-ld -nostdlib -Ttext=0x40100000 arm.o -o arm.elf
aarch64-none-elf-objcopy -O binary arm.elf arm.bin
qemu-system-aarch64 -machine virt -cpu cortex-a72 -nographic -device loader,file=arm.bin,addr=0x40100000 -s -S# 起另一个终端，进入gdb
gdb-multiarch
(gdb) set architecture aarch64
(gdb) target remote :1234
# 手动设置PC
(gdb) set $pc = 0x40100000# 查看 0x40100000 地址的指令，确认为 arm.s 的代码
(gdb) x /20i 0x40100000
=> 0x40100000:  mov     x0, #0x1                        // #10x40100004:  mov     x1, #0x1                        // #10x40100008:  add     x0, x0, x10x4010000c:  b       0x4010000c
# 全速运行
(gdb) c
# ctrl+c 暂停，寄存器如下
(gdb)  i r
x0             0x2                 2
x1             0x1                 1

使用qemu启动一个裸机汇编程序.elf

# 编译程序，链接地址为 0x40100000
aarch64-none-elf-as arm.s -o arm.o
aarch64-none-elf-ld -nostdlib -Ttext=0x40100000 arm.o -o arm.elfqemu-system-aarch64 -machine virt -cpu cortex-a72 -nographic -kernel arm.elf -s -S
# 起另一个终端
target remote :1234
# PC被自动设置为 0x40100000
i r
c