在前文基础上，好奇作为事务型数据库的SQLite表现怎么样，让DeepSeek来帮忙。
提示词

请仿照附件编写用python插入sqlite数据的测试函数，如果sqlite3没有对应方法就省略

import sqlite3
import pandas as pd
import timemethods = ['字符串拼接', '绑定变量循环', 'executemany批量', 'VALUES批量', 'DataFrame插入']
trans = ['自动提交', '事务']def test_sqlite_insert(method, n, tran):conn = sqlite3.connect(":memory:")cursor = conn.cursor()cursor.execute("CREATE TABLE t(a INT)")data = [(i,) for i in range(n)]df = pd.DataFrame({'a': range(n)})if tran == 1:conn.execute("BEGIN")start_time = time.time()try:if method == 0:  # 字符串拼接for i in range(n):cursor.execute(f"INSERT INTO t VALUES ({i})")elif method == 1:  # 绑定变量循环for i in range(n):cursor.execute("INSERT INTO t VALUES (?)", (i,))elif method == 2:  # executemany批量cursor.executemany("INSERT INTO t VALUES (?)", data)elif method == 3:  # VALUES批量batch_size = 1000for i in range(0, n, batch_size):batch = range(i, min(i+batch_size, n))values = ",".join(f"({x})" for x in batch)cursor.execute(f"INSERT INTO t VALUES {values}")elif method == 4:  # DataFrame插入df.to_sql('t', conn, if_exists='append', index=False)if tran == 1:conn.commit()except Exception as e:if tran == 1:conn.rollback()raise eelapsed = round(time.time() - start_time, 2)print(f"{trans[tran]} {methods[method]}：{elapsed}s")conn.close()return elapseddef run_sqlite_tests(n=10000):print(f"\nSQLite 插入性能测试 (n={n})")print("="*40)for m in range(len(methods)):for t in range(2):test_sqlite_insert(m, n, t)# 测试单条SQL批量插入(分批次)conn = sqlite3.connect(":memory:")cursor = conn.cursor()cursor.execute("CREATE TABLE t(a INT)")start_time = time.time()batch_size = 1000for i in range(0, n, batch_size):batch = range(i, min(i+batch_size, n))values = ",".join(f"({x})" for x in batch)cursor.execute(f"INSERT INTO t VALUES {values}")conn.commit()elapsed = round(time.time() - start_time, 2)print(f"单条SQL批量插入(分批次)：{elapsed}s")conn.close()if __name__ == "__main__":run_sqlite_tests()

提示词

请为duckdb也增加INSERT INTO t VALUES(1),(2),(3)…这种批量方法的测试

import duckdb
import pandas as pd
import timemethods = ['字符串拼接', '绑定变量循环', '绑定变量批量', 'VALUES批量', 'DataFrame插入']
trans = ['自动提交', '事务']def test_duckdb_insert(method, n, con, tran):con.execute("CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE t(a INT)")if tran == 1:con.execute("BEGIN TRANSACTION")start_time = time.time()if method == 0:  # 字符串拼接for i in range(n):con.execute("INSERT INTO t SELECT "+str(i))elif method == 1:  # 绑定变量循环for i in range(n):con.execute("INSERT INTO t VALUES (?)", [i])elif method == 2:  # 绑定变量批量data = [[i] for i in range(n)]con.executemany("INSERT INTO t VALUES (?)", data)elif method == 3:  # VALUES批量batch_size = 1000for i in range(0, n, batch_size):batch = range(i, min(i+batch_size, n))values = ",".join(f"({x})" for x in batch)con.execute(f"INSERT INTO t VALUES {values}")elif method == 4:  # DataFrame插入df = pd.DataFrame({'a': range(n)})con.register('temp_df', df)con.execute("INSERT INTO t SELECT a FROM temp_df")con.unregister('temp_df')if tran == 1:con.execute("COMMIT")elapsed = round(time.time() - start_time, 2)print(f"{trans[tran]} {methods[method]}：{elapsed}s")return elapseddef run_duckdb_tests(n=10000):con = duckdb.connect(database=":memory:")print(f"\nDuckDB 插入性能测试 (n={n})")print("="*40)for m in range(len(methods)):for t in range(2):test_duckdb_insert(m, n, con, t)# 测试使用range函数直接生成数据start_time = time.time()con.execute("CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE t(a INT)")con.execute(f"INSERT INTO t SELECT i FROM range({n}) t(i)")elapsed = round(time.time() - start_time, 2)print(f"使用range函数批量插入：{elapsed}s")con.close()if __name__ == "__main__":run_duckdb_tests()

测试结果如下

python pysqlite3.txtSQLite 插入性能测试 (n=10000)
========================================
自动提交 字符串拼接：0.08s
事务 字符串拼接：0.08s
自动提交 绑定变量循环：0.02s
事务 绑定变量循环：0.03s
自动提交 executemany批量：0.02s
事务 executemany批量：0.02s
自动提交 VALUES批量：0.02s
事务 VALUES批量：0.02s
自动提交 DataFrame插入：0.02s
事务 DataFrame插入：0.02s
单条SQL批量插入(分批次)：0.02spython pyduckdb3.txtDuckDB 插入性能测试 (n=10000)
========================================
自动提交 字符串拼接：5.53s
事务 字符串拼接：4.2s
自动提交 绑定变量循环：6.22s
事务 绑定变量循环：5.02s
自动提交 绑定变量批量：2.99s
事务 绑定变量批量：1.79s
自动提交 VALUES批量：0.08s
事务 VALUES批量：0.08s
自动提交 DataFrame插入：0.01s
事务 DataFrame插入：0.0s
使用range函数批量插入：0.0s

可见，sqlite的单行插入性能比duckdb高出很多，基本差2个数量级。sqlite绑定变量比拼接也有明显提高，它的executemany批量也和在VALUES中列举多个值的批量效果相当。Duckdb的VALUES批量插入效率也比较高。我原先不知道还有这种方法，DeepSeek的知识还真全面。pandas的DataFrame插入在两种数据库中都很高效。