让我详细分析Grafana源码中计算step的完整逻辑，它确实比简单的intervalMs/1000复杂得多。

完整的Step计算流程

1. 入口点：[models.Parse](file://F:\JavaProject\grafana-release-11.2.0\pkg\promlib\models\query.go#L190-L274)函数

在pkg/promlib/models/query.go中：

func Parse(span trace.Span, query backend.DataQuery, dsScrapeInterval string, intervalCalculator intervalv2.Calculator, fromAlert bool, enableScope bool) (*Query, error) {model := &internalQueryModel{}if err := json.Unmarshal(query.JSON, model); err != nil {return nil, err}// Final step value for prometheuscalculatedStep, err := calculatePrometheusInterval(model.Interval, dsScrapeInterval, int64(model.IntervalMS), model.IntervalFactor, query, intervalCalculator)if err != nil {return nil, err}// ...return &Query{Expr:          expr,Step:          calculatedStep,  // 这就是最终的step值// ...}, nil
}

2. 核心计算函数：`calculatePrometheusInterval`

func calculatePrometheusInterval(queryInterval, dsScrapeInterval string,intervalMs, intervalFactor int64,query backend.DataQuery,intervalCalculator intervalv2.Calculator,
) (time.Duration, error) {// 保存原始queryInterval用于后续比较originalQueryInterval := queryInterval// 如果使用变量（如$__interval），则清空queryIntervalif isVariableInterval(queryInterval) {queryInterval = ""}// 1. 获取最小间隔minInterval, err := gtime.GetIntervalFrom(dsScrapeInterval, queryInterval, intervalMs, 15*time.Second)if err != nil {return time.Duration(0), err}// 2. 使用intervalCalculator计算间隔calculatedInterval := intervalCalculator.Calculate(query.TimeRange, minInterval, query.MaxDataPoints)// 3. 计算安全间隔safeInterval := intervalCalculator.CalculateSafeInterval(query.TimeRange, int64(safeResolution))// 4. 选择较大的间隔值adjustedInterval := safeInterval.Valueif calculatedInterval.Value > safeInterval.Value {adjustedInterval = calculatedInterval.Value}// 5. 特殊处理$__rate_interval情况if originalQueryInterval == varRateInterval || originalQueryInterval == varRateIntervalAlt {// Rate interval有特殊计算逻辑return calculateRateInterval(adjustedInterval, dsScrapeInterval), nil} else {// 6. 应用intervalFactorqueryIntervalFactor := intervalFactorif queryIntervalFactor == 0 {queryIntervalFactor = 1}return time.Duration(int64(adjustedInterval) * queryIntervalFactor), nil}
}

3. intervalCalculator的实现

在pkg/promlib/intervalv2/intervalv2.go中：

func (ic *intervalCalculator) Calculate(timerange backend.TimeRange, minInterval time.Duration, maxDataPoints int64) Interval {to := timerange.To.UnixNano()from := timerange.From.UnixNano()resolution := maxDataPointsif resolution == 0 {resolution = DefaultRes  // 默认1500}// 核心计算：(时间范围) / (最大数据点数)calculatedInterval := time.Duration((to - from) / resolution)// 如果计算出的间隔小于最小间隔，则使用最小间隔if calculatedInterval < minInterval {return Interval{Text: gtime.FormatInterval(minInterval), Value: minInterval}}// 对计算出的间隔进行四舍五入调整rounded := gtime.RoundInterval(calculatedInterval)return Interval{Text: gtime.FormatInterval(rounded), Value: rounded}
}

4. gtime.RoundInterval的实现

这个函数在SDK中，用于将计算出的间隔四舍五入到标准值：

// 这是简化版的逻辑，实际更复杂
func RoundInterval(interval time.Duration) time.Duration {// 根据不同的间隔范围，四舍五入到标准值switch {case interval < 15*time.Second:return 15 * time.Secondcase interval < 30*time.Second:return 30 * time.Secondcase interval < 1*time.Minute:return 1 * time.Minute// ... 更多情况default:return interval}
}

5. 特殊情况：Rate Interval计算

func calculateRateInterval(queryInterval time.Duration,requestedMinStep string,
) time.Duration {scrape := requestedMinStepif scrape == "" {scrape = "15s"}scrapeIntervalDuration, err := gtime.ParseIntervalStringToTimeDuration(scrape)if err != nil {return time.Duration(0)}// Rate interval = max(queryInterval + scrapeInterval, 4 * scrapeInterval)rateInterval := time.Duration(int64(math.Max(float64(queryInterval+scrapeIntervalDuration), float64(4)*float64(scrapeIntervalDuration))))return rateInterval
}

实际计算示例

假设：

时间范围：1小时 (3,600,000毫秒)
maxDataPoints：1147
intervalMs：从面板宽度计算得出
dsScrapeInterval：“15s”

计算过程：

calculatedInterval = 3,600,000ms / 1147 ≈ 3139ms
RoundInterval(3139ms) → 5000ms (四舍五入到标准值)
safeInterval = 3,600,000ms / 11000 ≈ 327ms (安全间隔)
adjustedInterval = max(5000ms, 327ms) = 5000ms
如果没有intervalFactor，则最终step = 5000ms = 5s

与简单intervalMs/1000的区别

四舍五入：计算结果会被四舍五入到标准间隔值
最小间隔限制：不会小于数据源的scrape间隔
安全间隔：会考虑一个安全的上限
特殊变量处理：对$__rate_interval等变量有特殊处理
intervalFactor：可以放大间隔
显式step优先：如果查询中设置了step字段，会直接使用

Java实现建议

基于这个复杂的逻辑，您的Java实现应该包括：

public class PrometheusStepCalculator {public static long calculateStep(Long explicitStep,           // 显式设置的step（秒）String interval,             // 查询中的interval字段long intervalMs,             // 前端计算的intervalMslong intervalFactor,         // intervalFactorString dsScrapeInterval,     // 数据源scrape间隔（如"15s"）long timeRangeMs,            // 查询时间范围（毫秒）long maxDataPoints          // maxDataPoints) {// 1. 显式step优先if (explicitStep != null) {return explicitStep;}// 2. 处理变量情况if (isVariableInterval(interval)) {interval = "";}// 3. 获取最小间隔long minInterval = getMinInterval(dsScrapeInterval, interval, intervalMs);// 4. 计算基本间隔long calculatedInterval = calculateBaseInterval(timeRangeMs, maxDataPoints);// 5. 四舍五入到标准值long roundedInterval = roundInterval(calculatedInterval);// 6. 计算安全间隔long safeInterval = calculateSafeInterval(timeRangeMs);// 7. 选择较大值long adjustedInterval = Math.max(roundedInterval, safeInterval);// 8. 应用最小间隔限制adjustedInterval = Math.max(adjustedInterval, minInterval);// 9. 应用intervalFactorif (intervalFactor <= 0) {intervalFactor = 1;}long finalInterval = adjustedInterval * intervalFactor;// 10. 转换为秒return finalInterval / 1000;}// 实现各个辅助方法...
}