一、实验拓扑
二、设备配置
AR1 配置
<AR1> system-view [AR1] interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 [AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] ip address 192.168.1.1 24 [AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] quit[AR1] ospf 1 router-id 0.0.0.1 [AR1-ospf-1] area 0 [AR1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 [AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] quit [AR1]interface LoopBack 1 [AR1-LoopBack1]ip address 1.1.1.1 32 [AR1-LoopBack1]quit [AR1]ospf 1 [AR1]area 0 [AR1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
2. AR2 配置
[AR2] interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 [AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] ip address 192.168.1.2 24 [AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] quit[AR2] ospf 1 router-id 0.0.0.2 [AR2-ospf-1] area 0 [AR2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
3. AR3 配置
[AR3] interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 [AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] ip address 192.168.1.3 24 [AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] quit[AR3] ospf 1 router-id 0.0.0.3 [AR3-ospf-1] area 0 [AR3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
4. AR4配置
[AR4] interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 [AR4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] ip address 192.168.1.4 24 [AR4] interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 [AR4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] ip address 192.168.2.1 24 [AR4] interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 [AR4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] ip address 192.168.3.1 24 [AR4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] quit[AR4] ospf 1 router-id 0.0.0.4 [AR4-ospf-1] area 0 [AR4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 [AR4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 [AR4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255
5. AR5配置
[AR5] interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 [AR5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] ip address 192.168.3.2 24 [AR5] interface Serial2/0/0 [AR5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] ip address 192.168.0.1 24 [AR5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] quit[AR5] ospf 1 router-id 0.0.0.5 [AR5-ospf-1] area 0 [AR5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 [AR5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255
6. AR6 配置
[AR6] interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 [AR6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] ip address 192.168.2.2 24 [AR6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] quit[AR6] ospf 1 router-id 0.0.0.6 [AR6-ospf-1] area 0 [AR6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255
7. AR6 配置
[AR6] interface Serial2/0/0 [AR6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] ip address 192.168.0.2 24 [AR6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] quit[AR6] ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7 [AR6-ospf-1] area 0 [AR6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0] network 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255
三、手动修改OSPF接口网络类型
同一个广播域中的使用接口网络类型修改成一致才行。
我们将AR4、AR5间的broadcast改为p2p(广播多路访问改为点到点)
[AR4] interface GigabitEthernet2/0/0
[AR4-GigabitEthernet2/0/0] ospf network-type p2p
[AR5] interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
[AR5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] ospf network-type p2p
四、验证步骤
1、ospf邻居验证:
(1) 查看路由表(AR4) ,看ospf路由
<AR4>display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Routing Tables: PublicDestinations : 11 Routes : 11 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface1.1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 1 D 192.168.1.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0192.168.0.0/24 OSPF 10 50 D 192.168.1.4 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0192.168.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 192.168.1.3 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0192.168.1.3/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0192.168.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0192.168.2.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 192.168.1.4 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0192.168.3.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 192.168.1.4 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
(2) 检查邻居关系状态(AR4)
<AR4>display ospf peer brief #查看 OSPF 邻居关系的摘要信息OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 0.0.0.4Peer Statistic Information----------------------------------------------------------------------------Area Id Interface Neighbor id State 0.0.0.0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 0.0.0.1 Full 0.0.0.0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 0.0.0.2 2-Way 0.0.0.0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 0.0.0.3 Full 0.0.0.0 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 0.0.0.6 Full 0.0.0.0 GigabitEthernet2/0/0 0.0.0.5 Full ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
(3) 查看邻居关系(AR4)
<AR4>display ospf peer #查看 OSPF 邻居的详细信息
#我进行筛选了 这里可以主要看DR、BDR
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 0.0.0.4
Neighbors
Area 0.0.0.0 interface 192.168.1.4(GigabitEthernet0/0/0)'s neighbors
Router ID: 0.0.0.1 Address: 192.168.1.1
State: Full Mode:Nbr is Slave Priority: 1
DR: 192.168.1.1 BDR: 192.168.1.3 MTU: 0
Router ID: 0.0.0.2 Address: 192.168.1.2
State: 2-Way Mode:Nbr is Master Priority: 1
DR: 192.168.1.1 BDR: 192.168.1.3 MTU: 0
Router ID: 0.0.0.3 Address: 192.168.1.3
State: Full Mode:Nbr is Slave Priority: 1
DR: 192.168.1.1 BDR: 192.168.1.3 MTU: 0
Area 0.0.0.0 interface 192.168.2.1(GigabitEthernet0/0/1)'s neighbors
Router ID: 0.0.0.6 Address: 192.168.2.2
State: Full Mode:Nbr is Master Priority: 1
DR: 192.168.2.2 BDR: 192.168.2.1 MTU: 0
Area 0.0.0.0 interface 192.168.3.1(GigabitEthernet2/0/0)'s neighbors
Router ID: 0.0.0.5 Address: 192.168.3.2
State: Full Mode:Nbr is Master Priority: 1
DR: 192.168.3.2 BDR: 192.168.3.1 MTU: 0
(4)抓包查看ospf邻居
主要看EXStar和EXchange过程的DD报文
i. 建议数据抓包AR7的Serial2/0/0接口,点到点的(组播地址224.0.0.5)
ii. 建议数据抓包AR3的GigabitEthernet0/0/0接口,广播多路访问(组播地址224.0.0.6),我没抓广播多路访问
2. 手动修改OSPF接口网络类型验证
<AR4>display ospf peer #查看 OSPF 邻居的详细信息
Area 0.0.0.0 interface 192.168.3.1(GigabitEthernet2/0/0)'s neighbors
Router ID: 0.0.0.5 Address: 192.168.3.2
State: Full Mode:Nbr is Master Priority: 1
DR: None BDR: None MTU: 0
Dead timer due in 33 sec
Retrans timer interval: 5
Neighbor is up for 00:01:21
Authentication Sequence: [ 0 ]
可以看到没有DR/BDR选举过程,因为点到点的OSPF接口网络类型没有DR/BDR选举过程
3.链路状态通告验证(LSA)
(1)查看LSA的简易信息
[Huawei]dis ospf lsdb
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 0.0.0.1
Link State Database
Area: 0.0.0.0
Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric
Router 0.0.0.6 0.0.0.6 1461 36 8000000B 1
Router 0.0.0.5 0.0.0.5 116 72 80000017 1
Router 0.0.0.4 0.0.0.4 114 72 8000001E 1
Router 7.7.7.7 7.7.7.7 973 48 80000007 48
Router 0.0.0.3 0.0.0.3 1469 36 8000000F 1
Router 0.0.0.2 0.0.0.2 1469 36 8000000C 1
Router 0.0.0.1 0.0.0.1 1468 48 80000012 1
Network 192.168.2.2 0.0.0.6 1461 32 80000006 0
Network 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.1 1468 40 8000000E 0
可以看到直连产生的路由器LSA,以及网络LSA
(2)查看LSA的详细信息
[Huawei]display ospf lsdb router
#其中一段
Type : Router
Ls id : 0.0.0.5
Adv rtr : 0.0.0.5 #通告路由器
Ls age : 1003 #链路时间
Len : 72
Options : E
seq# : 80000017
chksum : 0x5c79 #校验和
Link count: 4 #链接统计
* Link ID: 0.0.0.4 #当前接口中的DR id地址
Data : 192.168.3.2 #当前接口自己的接口id地址
Link Type: P-2-P #链接类型:TransNet 广播多路访问,P-2-P点到点
Metric : 1
* Link ID: 192.168.3.0
Data : 255.255.255.0 #子网掩码
Link Type: StubNet #StubNet 子网络
Metric : 1
Priority : Low
* Link ID: 7.7.7.7
Data : 192.168.0.1
Link Type: P-2-P
Metric : 48
* Link ID: 192.168.0.0
Data : 255.255.255.0
Link Type: StubNet
Metric : 48
Priority : Low
五、实验总结
OSPF单区域优势
配置简单,适用于小型网络
所有路由器共享相同LSDB,收敛速度快
自动计算最优路径(基于带宽Cost值)
关键配置点
Router ID 必须唯一(手工配置避免冲突)
network命令 精确匹配接口网络
区域划分 所有接口属于Area 0
扩展建议
添加Loopback接口提高稳定性
配置OSPF认证增强安全性
调整参考带宽(如
bandwidth-reference 1000
)适应高速链路增多区域划分 接口属于Area 0、Area 1、Area 2等
通过本实验,可验证OSPF在单区域环境下自动学习路由、动态计算最优路径的能力,掌握基础配置和故障排查方法。