Go语言调用Chrome浏览器去进行截图的操作，对电脑的性能要求比较高，所以速度比较有限，但是目前来看这种方式可以最佳的去获取网页加载后的结果。

main.go

package mainimport ("context""errors""flag""fmt""io/ioutil""log""net/url""os""path/filepath""strings""sync""sync/atomic""time""github.com/chromedp/chromedp"
)// 任务结构
type Task struct {URL      stringFilename string
}// 域名黑名单，包含关键字的域名将被跳过
var blacklist = []string{"edu.cn", "gov.cn"}var (totalTasks    int64 // 总任务数finishedTasks int64 // 已完成任务数
)func main() {start := time.Now()defer func() {if r := recover(); r != nil {log.Printf("程序异常退出: %v", r)}}()// 定义命令行参数，增加初始等待时间参数urlFile := flag.String("urls", "urls.txt", "包含URL列表的文件路径")outputDir := flag.String("output", "screenshots", "截图保存的目录")workers := flag.Int("workers", 50, "并发工作线程数（建议1~3）")width := flag.Int("width", 1280, "浏览器窗口宽度")height := flag.Int("height", 800, "浏览器窗口高度")fullPage := flag.Bool("full", false, "是否截取整个页面")timeout := flag.Int("timeout", 20, "每个任务的超时时间（秒，建议大于页面加载等待时间，默认120）")retry := flag.Int("retry", 3, "失败重试次数")initialWait := flag.Int("initialWait", 1, "初始等待时间(秒)，用于分散任务启动")flag.Parse()// 确保timeout参数合理if *timeout <= 30 {log.Printf("警告：timeout参数过小，已自动调整为60秒以避免context canceled错误！")*timeout = 60}// 创建输出目录if _, err := os.Stat(*outputDir); os.IsNotExist(err) {if err := os.MkdirAll(*outputDir, 0755); err != nil {log.Fatalf("创建输出目录失败: %v", err)}}// 读取URL列表urls, err := readURLs(*urlFile)if err != nil {log.Fatalf("读取URL文件失败: %v", err)}if len(urls) == 0 {log.Fatal("URL列表为空")}// 统计总任务数totalTasks = int64(len(urls))// 创建任务通道，增加缓冲大小taskCh := make(chan Task, len(urls))// 填充任务通道go func() {for _, url := range urls {// 生成文件名filename := generateFilename(url, *outputDir)taskCh <- Task{URL: url, Filename: filename}}close(taskCh)}()// 创建等待组var wg sync.WaitGroup// 启动进度监控协程go func() {startTime := time.Now()for {done := atomic.LoadInt64(&finishedTasks)total := totalTaskselapsed := time.Since(startTime).Seconds()var speed float64 = 0if elapsed > 0 {speed = float64(done) / elapsed}remain := 0.0if speed > 0 {remain = float64(total-done) / speed}percent := float64(done) / float64(total) * 100fmt.Printf("\r进度: %d/%d (%.2f%%) | 速度: %.2f/秒 | 已用: %.0fs | 预计剩余: %.0fs",done, total, percent, speed, elapsed, remain)if done >= total {fmt.Println()break}time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)}}()// 启动工作线程，增加启动间隔log.Printf("开始处理 %d 个URL，使用 %d 个工作线程\n", len(urls), *workers)for i := 0; i < *workers; i++ {// 增加启动间隔，避免同时启动过多线程time.Sleep(time.Duration(i*(*initialWait)) * time.Second)wg.Add(1)go func(workerID int) {defer wg.Done()processTasks(workerID, taskCh, *width, *height, *fullPage, *timeout, *retry)}(i)}// 等待所有工作线程完成wg.Wait()elapsed := time.Since(start)log.Printf("所有任务完成，耗时: %s\n", elapsed)
}// 读取URL文件
func readURLs(filePath string) ([]string, error) {data, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filePath)if err != nil {return nil, err}// 按行分割URLvar urls []stringlines := strings.Split(string(data), "\n")for _, line := range lines {if url := strings.TrimSpace(line); url != "" {if !strings.HasPrefix(url, "http://") && !strings.HasPrefix(url, "https://") {url = "https://" + url}// 检查黑名单blacklisted := falsefor _, keyword := range blacklist {if strings.Contains(url, keyword) {blacklisted = truebreak}}if blacklisted {continue}urls = append(urls, url)}}return urls, nil
}// 生成文件名
func generateFilename(urlStr, outputDir string) string {// 移除URL中的协议部分u, err := url.Parse(urlStr)if err != nil {// 如果解析失败，使用时间戳作为文件名return filepath.Join(outputDir, fmt.Sprintf("unknown_%d.png", time.Now().UnixNano()))}// 使用主机名和路径生成文件名filename := strings.ReplaceAll(u.Host+u.Path, "/", "_")if len(filename) > 100 {filename = filename[:100]}return filepath.Join(outputDir, filename+".png")
}// 处理任务
func processTasks(workerID int, taskCh <-chan Task, width, height int, fullPage bool, timeout, retry int) {// 优化Chrome选项，增加更多反检测设置opts := append(chromedp.DefaultExecAllocatorOptions[:],chromedp.Flag("headless", false),chromedp.UserAgent("Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/124.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"),chromedp.Flag("disable-blink-features", "AutomationControlled"),chromedp.Flag("disable-web-security", true),           // 禁用Web安全策略chromedp.Flag("allow-running-insecure-content", true), // 允许运行不安全内容chromedp.Flag("ignore-certificate-errors", true),      // 忽略SSL证书错误chromedp.WindowSize(width, height),chromedp.Flag("no-sandbox", true),             // 禁用沙盒模式，在某些环境需要chromedp.Flag("disable-setuid-sandbox", true), // 禁用setuid沙盒)// 每个worker只启动一个Chrome实例allocCtx, allocCancel := chromedp.NewExecAllocator(context.Background(), opts...)defer allocCancel()parentCtx, parentCancel := chromedp.NewContext(allocCtx)defer parentCancel()for task := range taskCh {var success boolvar attempt intfor attempt = 1; attempt <= retry; attempt++ {log.Printf("工作线程 %d 正在处理 %s (尝试 %d/%d)\n", workerID, task.URL, attempt, retry)if attempt > 1 {time.Sleep(time.Duration(attempt*2) * time.Second)}// 每个任务新建tabctx, cancel := chromedp.NewContext(parentCtx)err := captureScreenshot(ctx, task.URL, fullPage, timeout, task.Filename)cancel()if err == nil {log.Printf("工作线程 %d 成功保存截图: %s\n", workerID, task.Filename)success = truebreak}log.Printf("工作线程 %d 处理 %s 失败: %v (尝试 %d/%d)\n", workerID, task.URL, err, attempt, retry)if err != nil && (strings.Contains(err.Error(), "ERR_NAME_NOT_RESOLVED") ||strings.Contains(err.Error(), "context canceled")) {log.Printf("域名未被解析，停止对此URL的重试: %s", task.URL)break}}// 每个任务完成后，finishedTasks++atomic.AddInt64(&finishedTasks, 1)if !success {log.Printf("工作线程 %d 处理 %s 失败，已达到最大重试次数\n", workerID, task.URL)f, err := os.OpenFile("failed_urls.txt", os.O_APPEND|os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY, 0644)if err == nil {f.WriteString(task.URL + "\n")f.Close()}}}
}// 截图函数，优化等待策略
func captureScreenshot(ctx context.Context, url string, fullPage bool, timeout int, outputPath string) error {// 设置更长的超时ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Duration(timeout)*time.Second)defer cancel()var buf []byteerr := chromedp.Run(ctx, chromedp.Tasks{chromedp.Navigate(url),chromedp.ActionFunc(func(ctx context.Context) error {var readyState stringstart := time.Now()for {err := chromedp.Evaluate(`document.readyState`, &readyState).Do(ctx)if err != nil {return err}if readyState == "complete" {time.Sleep(2 * time.Second) // 页面加载完成后再等2秒return nil}if time.Since(start) > time.Duration(timeout)*time.Second {return errors.New("等待页面加载超时")}time.Sleep(500 * time.Millisecond)}}),chromedp.FullScreenshot(&buf, 95), // 提高截图质量})if err != nil {if errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {log.Printf("截图超时（context deadline exceeded）：%s", url)} else if errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {log.Printf("截图被取消（context canceled）：%s", url)} else {log.Printf("截图失败: %s, 错误: %+v", url, err)}return err}return ioutil.WriteFile(outputPath, buf, 0644)
}

go.mod

module screenshot-toolgo 1.24.4require (github.com/chromedp/cdproto v0.0.0-20250403032234-65de8f5d025b // indirectgithub.com/chromedp/chromedp v0.13.7 // indirectgithub.com/chromedp/sysutil v1.1.0 // indirectgithub.com/go-json-experiment/json v0.0.0-20250211171154-1ae217ad3535 // indirectgithub.com/gobwas/httphead v0.1.0 // indirectgithub.com/gobwas/pool v0.2.1 // indirectgithub.com/gobwas/ws v1.4.0 // indirectgolang.org/x/sys v0.29.0 // indirect
)

运行命令：

go run main.go