要修改的文件

/etc/apt/sources.list

操作步骤

1. 备份原文件

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

2. 编辑文件

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

3. 清空文件内容，填入以下内容

先获取Ubuntu版本代号：

lsb_release -cs

然后根据版本填入对应内容（将下面的jammy替换为版本代号）：

# 中科大镜像源（优先级1）
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse# 阿里云镜像源（优先级2）
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse# 网易163镜像源（优先级3）
deb https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

4. 保存并退出

按 Ctrl + X
按 Y 确认保存
按 Enter 确认文件名

5. 更新软件包列表

sudo apt update

版本代号对照表

Ubuntu 18.04 → bionic
Ubuntu 20.04 → focal
Ubuntu 22.04 → jammy
Ubuntu 24.04 → noble

具体操作步骤

1. 先备份原文件

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

2. 编辑sources.list文件

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

3. 清空现有内容，然后粘贴以下内容：

# 中科大镜像源（优先级1）
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse# 阿里云镜像源（优先级2）
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse# 网易163镜像源（优先级3）
deb https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse