SpringBoot3已经把EhCache从框架中删除了,SpringBoot3默认的缓存组件为Caffeine,那么我们在SpringBoot3中如何去使用它了?
1.添加依赖
<dependency><groupId>com.github.ben-manes.caffeine</groupId><artifactId>caffeine</artifactId><version>3.1.8</version>
</dependency>
<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId>
</dependency>
2.配置Caffeine缓存
创建Caffeine配置类
import com.github.benmanes.caffeine.cache.Caffeine;
import org.springframework.cache.CacheManager;
import org.springframework.cache.caffeine.CaffeineCacheManager;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;@Configuration
public class CaffeineConfig {/*** 配置Caffeine缓存管理器*/@Beanpublic CacheManager cacheManager() {CaffeineCacheManager cacheManager = new CaffeineCacheManager();// 设置缓存默认配置cacheManager.setCaffeine(caffeineCacheBuilder());// 允许动态创建缓存cacheManager.setAllowNullValues(false);return cacheManager;}/*** 配置Caffeine缓存属性* 可根据需要调整过期时间和最大缓存数量*/Caffeine<Object, Object> caffeineCacheBuilder() {return Caffeine.newBuilder()// 最后一次写入后经过固定时间过期.expireAfterWrite(60, TimeUnit.MINUTES)// 最大缓存条目.maximumSize(10000)// 初始缓存容量.initialCapacity(100)// 记录缓存命中率等统计信息.recordStats();}
}
3.添加工具类
添加Caffeine工具类
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.cache.Cache;
import org.springframework.cache.CacheManager;
import org.springframework.util.ObjectUtils;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;public class CaffeineUtils {private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CaffeineUtils.class);// 获取Spring管理的缓存管理器private static final CacheManager cacheManager = SpringUtils.getBean(CacheManager.class);// 默认缓存名称private static final String SYS_CACHE = "sys-cache";/*** 获取SYS_CACHE缓存*/public static Object get(String key) {return get(SYS_CACHE, key);}/*** 获取SYS_CACHE缓存,带默认值*/public static Object get(String key, Object defaultValue) {Object value = get(key);return value != null ? value : defaultValue;}/*** 写入SYS_CACHE缓存*/public static void put(String key, Object value) {put(SYS_CACHE, key, value);}/*** 从SYS_CACHE缓存中移除*/public static void remove(String key) {remove(SYS_CACHE, key);}/*** 从SYS_CACH缓存中移除指定key集合*/public static void removeByKeys(Set<String> keys) {removeByKeys(SYS_CACHE, keys);}/*** 获取指定缓存*/public static Object get(String cacheName, String key) {Cache cache = getCache(cacheName);Cache.ValueWrapper wrapper = cache.get(getKey(key));return wrapper != null ? wrapper.get() : null;}/*** 获取指定缓存,带默认值*/public static Object get(String cacheName, String key, Object defaultValue) {Object value = get(cacheName, key);return value != null ? value : defaultValue;}/*** 写入指定缓存*/public static void put(String cacheName, String key, Object value) {if (value != null) {getCache(cacheName).put(getKey(key), value);}}/*** 从指定缓存中移除*/public static void remove(String cacheName, String key) {getCache(cacheName).evict(getKey(key));}/*** 清空指定缓存*/public static void removeAll(String cacheName) {Cache cache = getCache(cacheName);// Caffeine不直接支持获取所有key,如需此功能需自行维护key集合cache.clear();logger.info("清理缓存:{}", cacheName);}/*** 从指定缓存中移除指定key集合*/public static void removeByKeys(String cacheName, Set<String> keys) {Cache cache = getCache(cacheName);for (String key : keys) {cache.evict(getKey(key));}logger.info("清理缓存:{} => {}", cacheName, keys);}/*** 获取缓存键名*/private static String getKey(String key) {return key;}/*** 获取缓存实例*/public static Cache getCache(String cacheName) {Cache cache = cacheManager.getCache(cacheName);if (cache == null) {throw new RuntimeException("当前系统中没有定义“" + cacheName + "”这个缓存。");}return cache;}/*** 获取所有缓存名称*/public static String[] getCacheNames() {return cacheManager.getCacheNames().toArray(new String[0]);}
}
4.注意事项
- Caffeine 不直接支持获取缓存中的所有 key(getKeys()方法),如果需要此功能,需自行维护 key 集合
- 缓存配置(过期时间等)可以针对不同缓存名称单独配置,需要额外扩展
- 移除了allowNullValues的支持,建议缓存中不存储 null 值
5.性能优势
- Caffeine 基于 Java 8,使用更高效的算法(W-TinyLFU)
- 平均访问时间更短,内存占用更优
- 支持异步加载等高级特性(如需可扩展实现)