1.图像分类网络模型框架解读

  • 分类网络的基本结构
    • 数据加载模块：对训练数据加载
    • 数据重组：组合成网络需要的形式，例如预处理、增强、各种网络处理、loss函数计算
    • 优化器
  • 数据加载模块
    • 使用公开数据集：torchvision.datasets
    • 使用自定义数据集：torch.utils.data下的Dataset、DataLoader
  • 数据增强模块
    • 使用torchvision.transforms

2.Cifar10数据读取

Cifar10数据集下载链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1Dc6eQ54CCLFdCA2ORuFChg 提取码: 5279

下在好的数据集解压后的文件

创建两个文件夹dataTrain和dataTest用于存储数据集的图片

将数据集中的训练集图片和测试集图片存入自建的文件夹中，代码如下:

import os
import cv2
import numpy as np
import glob
def unpickle(file):import picklewith open(file, 'rb') as fo:dict = pickle.load(fo, encoding='bytes')return dict
label_name = ['airplane','automobile','bird','cat','deer','dog','frog','horse','ship','truck'
]
# train_list = glob.glob('cifar-10-batches-py/data_batch_*') #下载训练集图片时使用此行
train_list = glob.glob('cifar-10-batches-py/test_batch*')
# save_path = 'cifar-10-batches-py/dataTrain' #下载训练集图片时使用此行
save_path = 'cifar-10-batches-py/dataTest'
for l in train_list:l_dict = unpickle(l)for im_idx,im_data in enumerate(l_dict[b'data']):im_label = l_dict[b'labels'][im_idx]im_name = l_dict[b'filenames'][im_idx]im_label_name = label_name[im_label]im_data = np.reshape(im_data,[3,32,32])im_data = np.transpose(im_data,(1,2,0))if not os.path.exists("{}/{}".format(save_path,im_label_name)):os.mkdir("{}/{}".format(save_path,im_label_name))cv2.imwrite("{}/{}/{}".format(save_path,im_label_name,im_name.decode("utf-8")),im_data)

3.自定数据集加载

from torchvision import transforms
from torch.utils.data import  DataLoader, Dataset
import os
from PIL  import Image
import numpy as np
import glob 
label_name = ['airplane','automobile','bird','cat','deer','dog','frog','horse','ship','truck'
]
label_dict = {}
for idx,name in enumerate(label_name):label_dict[name] = idx
def default_loader(path):return Image.open(path).convert('RGB')
#数据增强方法
train_transform = transforms.Compose([transforms.RandomResizedCrop((28,28)), #随机裁剪transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(), #随机水平翻转transforms.RandomVerticalFlip(), #随机垂直翻转transforms.RandomRotation(90), #随机旋转transforms.RandomGrayscale(0.1), #随机灰度化transforms.ColorJitter(0.3,0.3,0.3,0.3), #随机颜色调整transforms.ToTensor() #转换为张量
])
class MyDataset(Dataset):def __init__(self,im_list,transform=None,loader=default_loader): super(MyDataset,self).__init__()imgs = []for im_item in im_list:im_label_name = im_item.split("/")[-2]imgs.append([im_item,label_dict[im_label_name]])self.imgs = imgsself.transform = transformself.loader = loaderdef __getitem__(self,index):im_path,im_label = self.img[index]im_data = self.loader(im_path)if self.transform is not None:im_data = self.transform(im_data)return im_data,im_labeldef __len__(self):return len(self.imgs)
im_train_list = glob.glob("cifar-10-batches-py/dataTrain/*/*.png") #获取训练集图片路径列表
im_test_list = glob.glob("cifar-10-batches-py/dataTest/*/*.png") #获取测试集图片路径列表
train_dataset = MyDataset(im_train_list,transform=train_transform) #创建训练集数据集
test_dataset = MyDataset(im_test_list,transform=transforms.ToTensor()) #创建测试集数据集
train_data_loader = DataLoader(dataset=train_dataset,batch_size=6,shuffle=True,num_workers=4)#创建训练集数据加载器
test_data_loader = DataLoader(dataset=train_dataset,batch_size=6,shuffle=False,num_workers=4)#创建测试集数据加载器
print("num_of_train:",len(train_dataset))
print("num_of_test:",len(test_dataset))

代码运行结果：

num_of_train: 50000
num_of_test: 10000

 4.VGG网络搭建

  • 模型网络搭建
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
#定义vgg网络
class VGGbase(nn.Module):#定义vgg网络的初始化函数def __init__(self):super(VGGbase,self).__init__() #调用父类的初始化函数#定义第一个卷积层，图像大小：28*28self.conv1 = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(3,64,kernel_size=3,stride=1,padding=1),nn.BatchNorm2d(64),nn.ReLU())self.max_pooling1 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2,stride=2) #定义最大池化层#定义第二个卷积层，图像大小：14*14self.conv2_1 = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(64,128,kernel_size=3,stride=1,padding=1),nn.BatchNorm2d(128),nn.ReLU())self.conv2_2 = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(128,128,kernel_size=3,stride=1,padding=1),nn.BatchNorm2d(128),nn.ReLU())self.max_pooling2 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2,stride=2) #定义最大池化层#定义第三个卷积层，图像大小：7*7self.conv3_1 = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(128,256,kernel_size=3,stride=1,padding=1),nn.BatchNorm2d(256),nn.ReLU())self.conv3_2 = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(256,256,kernel_size=3,stride=1,padding=1),nn.BatchNorm2d(256),nn.ReLU())self.max_pooling3 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2,stride=2,padding=1) #定义最大池化层##定义第四个卷积层，图像大小：4*4self.conv4_1 = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(256,512,kernel_size=3,stride=1,padding=1),nn.BatchNorm2d(512),nn.ReLU())self.conv4_2 = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(512,512,kernel_size=3,stride=1,padding=1),nn.BatchNorm2d(512),nn.ReLU())self.max_pooling4 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2,stride=2,padding=1) #定义最大池化层#定义FC层self.fc = nn.Linear(4608, 10)#定义vgg网络的前向传播函数def forward(self,x):batchsize = x.size(0)out = self.conv1(x)out = self.max_pooling1(out)out = self.conv2_1(out)out = self.conv2_2(out)out = self.max_pooling2(out)out = self.conv3_1(out)out = self.conv3_2(out)out = self.max_pooling3(out)out = self.conv4_1(out)out = self.conv4_2(out)out = self.max_pooling4(out)out = out.view(batchsize,-1) #将输出的三维特征图转换为一维向量out = self.fc(out)out = F.log_softmax(out,dim=1) #使用log_softmax函数作为激活函数return out
def VGGNet():return VGGbase()
  • 模型训练
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torchvision
from vggnet import  VGGNet
from cifar10Data import train_data_loader, test_data_loader
import os
import tensorboardX
# 定义训练设备
device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')
# 训练轮数
epoch_num = 200
# 学习率
lr = 0.01
# 加载网络
net = VGGNet().to(device)
#定义loss
loss_func = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
#定义优化器
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(net.parameters(), lr=lr)
# 学习率衰减
scheduler = torch.optim.lr_scheduler.StepLR(optimizer, step_size=5, gamma=0.9)
if not os.path.exists("log"):os.mkdir("log")
writer = tensorboardX.SummaryWriter("log")
step_n = 0
for epoch in range(epoch_num):print("epoch is:",epoch)#训练for i,data in enumerate(train_data_loader):net.train()inputs,labels = datainputs,labels = inputs.to(device),labels.to(device)outputs = net(inputs)loss = loss_func(outputs,labels)optimizer.zero_grad()loss.backward()optimizer.step()writer.add_scalar("train loss",loss.item(),global_step=step_n)im = torchvision.utils.make_grid(inputs)writer.add_image("train image",im,global_step=step_n)step_n += 1if not os.path.exists("models"):os.mkdir("models")torch.save(net.state_dict(),"models/{}.path".format(epoch+1))scheduler.step()sum_loss = 0#测试for i,data in enumerate(train_data_loader):net.eval()inputs,labels = datainputs,labels = inputs.to(device),labels.to(device)outputs = net(inputs)loss = loss_func(outputs,labels)optimizer.zero_grad()loss.backward()optimizer.step()sum_loss += loss.item()im = torchvision.utils.make_grid(inputs)writer.add_image("test image", im, global_step=step_n)test_loss = sum_loss * 1.0 / len(train_data_loader)writer.add_scalar("teest loss", test_loss, global_step=epoch+1)print('test_step:', i, 'loss is:', test_loss)
writer.close()
  • 训练结果
epoch is: 0
test_step: 8333 loss is: 2.306014501994137
epoch is: 1
test_step: 8333 loss is: 2.220694358253868
epoch is: 2
test_step: 8333 loss is: 2.1626519183618202
epoch is: 3
  • 图表结果

5. ResNet网络搭建

  • 模型网络搭建
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
# 定义ResNet内部结构
class ResBlock(nn.Module):def __init__(self,in_channel,out_channel,stride=1):super(ResBlock,self).__init__()#主干分支self.layer = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(in_channel,out_channel,kernel_size=3,stride=stride,padding=1),nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channel),nn.ReLU(),nn.Conv2d(out_channel, out_channel, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1),nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channel),)#跳连分支,需要判断是否需要跳连分支self.shortcut = nn.Sequential()if in_channel != out_channel or stride > 1:self.shortcut = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(in_channel, out_channel, kernel_size=3, stride=stride, padding=1),nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channel),)def forward(self, x):out1 =  self.layer(x)out2 = self.shortcut(x)out = out1 + out2out = F.relu(out)return out#ResNet模型搭建
class ResNet(nn.Module):def make_layer(self,block,out_channel,stride,num_block):layers_list = []for i in range(num_block):if i == 0:in_stride = strideelse:in_stride = 1layers_list.append(block(self.in_channel,out_channel,in_stride))self.in_channel = out_channelreturn nn.Sequential(*layers_list)def __init__(self,ResBlock):super(ResNet,self).__init__()self.in_channel = 32self.conv1 = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(3, 32, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1),nn.BatchNorm2d(32),nn.ReLU(),)self.layer1 = self.make_layer(ResBlock,64,2,2)self.layer2 = self.make_layer(ResBlock, 128, 2, 2)self.layer3 = self.make_layer(ResBlock, 256, 2, 2)self.layer4 = self.make_layer(ResBlock, 512, 2, 2)self.fc = nn.Linear(512,10)def forward(self, x):out = self.conv1(x)out = self.layer1(out)out = self.layer2(out)out = self.layer3(out)out = self.layer4(out)out = F.avg_pool2d(out, 2)out = out.view(out.size(0), -1)out = self.fc(out)return out
def resnet():return ResNet(ResBlock)
  • 模型训练
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torchvision
from resnet import  resnet
from cifar10Data import train_data_loader, test_data_loader
import os
import tensorboardX
# 定义训练设备
device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')
# 训练轮数
epoch_num = 200
# 学习率
lr = 0.01
# 加载网络
net = resnet().to(device)
#定义loss
loss_func = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
#定义优化器
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(net.parameters(), lr=lr)
# 学习率衰减
scheduler = torch.optim.lr_scheduler.StepLR(optimizer, step_size=5, gamma=0.9)
if not os.path.exists("log1"):os.mkdir("log1")
writer = tensorboardX.SummaryWriter("log1")
step_n = 0
for epoch in range(epoch_num):print("epoch is:",epoch)#训练for i,data in enumerate(train_data_loader):net.train()inputs,labels = datainputs,labels = inputs.to(device),labels.to(device)outputs = net(inputs)loss = loss_func(outputs,labels)optimizer.zero_grad()loss.backward()optimizer.step()writer.add_scalar("train loss",loss.item(),global_step=step_n)im = torchvision.utils.make_grid(inputs)writer.add_image("train image",im,global_step=step_n)step_n += 1if not os.path.exists("models"):os.mkdir("models")torch.save(net.state_dict(),"models/{}.path".format(epoch+1))scheduler.step()sum_loss = 0#测试for i,data in enumerate(train_data_loader):net.eval()inputs,labels = datainputs,labels = inputs.to(device),labels.to(device)outputs = net(inputs)loss = loss_func(outputs,labels)optimizer.zero_grad()loss.backward()optimizer.step()sum_loss += loss.item()im = torchvision.utils.make_grid(inputs)writer.add_image("test image", im, global_step=step_n)test_loss = sum_loss * 1.0 / len(train_data_loader)writer.add_scalar("teest loss", test_loss, global_step=epoch+1)print('test_step:', i, 'loss is:', test_loss)
writer.close()
  • 训练结果
epoch is: 0
test_step: 8333 loss is: 2.3071022295024948
epoch is: 1
test_step: 8333 loss is: 2.226925660673022
epoch is: 2
test_step: 8333 loss is: 2.155742327815656
epoch is: 3
test_step: 8333 loss is: 2.11763518281998
epoch is: 4
test_step: 8333 loss is: 2.0863706607283063
  • 图表结果

6.MobileNetv1网络搭建

  • 模型网络搭建
import torch
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torch.nn as nn
class mobilenet(nn.Module):def conv_dw(self,in_channel, out_channel, stride):return nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(in_channels=in_channel, out_channels=in_channel, kernel_size=3, stride=stride, padding=1,groups=in_channel, bias=False),nn.BatchNorm2d(in_channel),nn.ReLU(),nn.Conv2d(in_channels=in_channel, out_channels=out_channel, kernel_size=1, stride=1, padding=0, bias=False),nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channel),nn.ReLU(),)def __init__(self):super(mobilenet, self).__init__()self.conv1 = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(in_channels=3, out_channels=32, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1),nn.BatchNorm2d(32),nn.ReLU(),)self.conv_dw2 = self.conv_dw(32, 32, 1)self.conv_dw3 = self.conv_dw(32, 64, 2)self.conv_dw4 = self.conv_dw(64, 64, 1)self.conv_dw5 = self.conv_dw(64, 128, 2)self.conv_dw6 = self.conv_dw(128, 128, 1)self.conv_dw7 = self.conv_dw(128, 256, 2)self.conv_dw8 = self.conv_dw(256, 256, 1)self.conv_dw9 = self.conv_dw(256, 512, 2)self.fc = nn.Linear(512,10)def forward(self, x):out = self.conv1(x)out = self.conv_dw2(out)out = self.conv_dw3(out)out = self.conv_dw4(out)out = self.conv_dw5(out)out = self.conv_dw6(out)out = self.conv_dw7(out)out = self.conv_dw8(out)out = self.conv_dw9(out)out = F.avg_pool2d(out, 2)out = out.view(-1,512)out = self.fc(out)return out
def mobilenetv1_small():return mobilenet()
  • 模型训练
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torchvision
from mobilenetv1 import  mobilenetv1_small
from cifar10Data import train_data_loader, test_data_loader
import os
import tensorboardX
# 定义训练设备
device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')
# 训练轮数
epoch_num = 200
# 学习率
lr = 0.01
# 加载网络
net = mobilenetv1_small().to(device)
#定义loss
loss_func = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
#定义优化器
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(net.parameters(), lr=lr)
# 学习率衰减
scheduler = torch.optim.lr_scheduler.StepLR(optimizer, step_size=5, gamma=0.9)
if not os.path.exists("log2"):os.mkdir("log2")
writer = tensorboardX.SummaryWriter("log2")
step_n = 0
for epoch in range(epoch_num):print("epoch is:",epoch)#训练for i,data in enumerate(train_data_loader):net.train()inputs,labels = datainputs,labels = inputs.to(device),labels.to(device)outputs = net(inputs)loss = loss_func(outputs,labels)optimizer.zero_grad()loss.backward()optimizer.step()writer.add_scalar("train loss",loss.item(),global_step=step_n)im = torchvision.utils.make_grid(inputs)writer.add_image("train image",im,global_step=step_n)step_n += 1if not os.path.exists("models"):os.mkdir("models")torch.save(net.state_dict(),"models/{}.path".format(epoch+1))scheduler.step()sum_loss = 0#测试for i,data in enumerate(train_data_loader):net.eval()inputs,labels = datainputs,labels = inputs.to(device),labels.to(device)outputs = net(inputs)loss = loss_func(outputs,labels)optimizer.zero_grad()loss.backward()optimizer.step()sum_loss += loss.item()im = torchvision.utils.make_grid(inputs)writer.add_image("test image", im, global_step=step_n)test_loss = sum_loss * 1.0 / len(train_data_loader)writer.add_scalar("test loss", test_loss, global_step=epoch+1)print('test_step:', i, 'loss is:', test_loss)
writer.close()
  • 训练结果
epoch is: 0
test_step: 8333 loss is: 2.3168991455678207
epoch is: 1
test_step: 8333 loss is: 58.0813152680072
epoch is: 2
test_step: 8333 loss is: 239.99653513472458
epoch is: 3
test_step: 8333 loss is: 1036.717976929159
epoch is: 4
test_step: 8333 loss is: 110.44223031090523
  • 图表结果

7.Inception网络搭建

  • 模型网络搭建
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
def ConvBNRelu(in_channel, out_channel, kernel_size):return nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(in_channel, out_channel, kernel_size, padding=kernel_size//2),nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channel),nn.ReLU(inplace=True),)
class BaseInception(nn.Module):def __init__(self,in_channel,out_channel_list,reduce_channel_list):super(BaseInception, self).__init__()self.branch1_conv = ConvBNRelu(in_channel, out_channel_list[0], 1)self.branch2_conv1 = ConvBNRelu(in_channel, reduce_channel_list[0], 1)self.branch2_conv2 = ConvBNRelu(reduce_channel_list[0], out_channel_list[1], 3)self.branch3_conv1 = ConvBNRelu(in_channel, reduce_channel_list[1], 1)self.branch3_conv2 = ConvBNRelu(reduce_channel_list[1], out_channel_list[2], 5)self.branch4_pool = nn.MaxPool2d(3, 1, padding=1)self.branch4_conv = ConvBNRelu(in_channel, out_channel_list[3], 3)def forward(self, x):out1 = self.branch1_conv(x)out2 = self.branch2_conv1(x)out2 = self.branch2_conv2(out2)out3 = self.branch3_conv1(x)out3 = self.branch3_conv2(out3)out4 = self.branch4_pool(x)out4 = self.branch4_conv(out4)out = torch.cat([out1, out2, out3, out4], 1)return outclass InceptionNet(nn.Module):def __init__(self):super(InceptionNet, self).__init__()self.block1 = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=7, stride=2, padding=1),nn.BatchNorm2d(64),nn.ReLU(),)self.block2 = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(64,128,kernel_size=3,stride=2,padding=1),nn.BatchNorm2d(128),nn.ReLU(),)self.block3 = nn.Sequential(BaseInception(in_channel=128, out_channel_list=[64, 64, 64, 64], reduce_channel_list=[16, 16]),nn.MaxPool2d(3, stride=2, padding=1))self.block4 = nn.Sequential(BaseInception(in_channel=256, out_channel_list=[96, 96, 96, 96], reduce_channel_list=[32, 32]),nn.MaxPool2d(3, stride=2, padding=1))self.fc = nn.Linear(384,10)def forward(self, x):out = self.block1(x)out = self.block2(out)out = self.block3(out)out = self.block4(out)out = F.avg_pool2d(out, 2)out = out.view(out.size(0), -1)out = self.fc(out)return out
def InceptionNetSmall():return InceptionNet()
  • 模型训练
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torchvision
from inception import  InceptionNetSmall
from cifar10Data import train_data_loader, test_data_loader
import os
import tensorboardX
# 定义训练设备
device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')
# 训练轮数
epoch_num = 200
# 学习率
lr = 0.01
# 加载网络
net = InceptionNetSmall().to(device)
#定义loss
loss_func = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
#定义优化器
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(net.parameters(), lr=lr)
# 学习率衰减
scheduler = torch.optim.lr_scheduler.StepLR(optimizer, step_size=5, gamma=0.9)
if not os.path.exists("log3"):os.mkdir("log3")
writer = tensorboardX.SummaryWriter("log3")
step_n = 0
for epoch in range(epoch_num):print("epoch is:",epoch)#训练for i,data in enumerate(train_data_loader):net.train()inputs,labels = datainputs,labels = inputs.to(device),labels.to(device)outputs = net(inputs)loss = loss_func(outputs,labels)optimizer.zero_grad()loss.backward()optimizer.step()writer.add_scalar("train loss",loss.item(),global_step=step_n)im = torchvision.utils.make_grid(inputs)writer.add_image("train image",im,global_step=step_n)step_n += 1if not os.path.exists("models"):os.mkdir("models")torch.save(net.state_dict(),"models/{}.path".format(epoch+1))scheduler.step()sum_loss = 0#测试for i,data in enumerate(train_data_loader):net.eval()inputs,labels = datainputs,labels = inputs.to(device),labels.to(device)outputs = net(inputs)loss = loss_func(outputs,labels)optimizer.zero_grad()loss.backward()optimizer.step()sum_loss += loss.item()im = torchvision.utils.make_grid(inputs)writer.add_image("test image", im, global_step=step_n)test_loss = sum_loss * 1.0 / len(train_data_loader)writer.add_scalar("test loss", test_loss, global_step=epoch+1)print('test_step:', i, 'loss is:', test_loss)
writer.close()
  • 训练结果
epoch is: 0
test_step: 8333 loss is: 2.1641721504324485
epoch is: 1
test_step: 8333 loss is: 2.106510695047678
epoch is: 2
test_step: 8333 loss is: 2.0794332600881478
epoch is: 3
test_step: 8333 loss is: 2.0550003183926497
  • 图表结果

8.Pytorch提供的ResNet18模型

  • pytorch中提供了很多模型，都在torchvision的models中
  • 训练代码与前面的相同，只需要将模型引入，替换net的赋值即可，训练结果也与此前无太大差异，此处就不过多赘述，只给出模型代码
import torch.nn as nn
from torchvision import models
class resnet18(nn.Module):def __init__(self):super(resnet18, self).__init__()self.model = models.resnet18(pretrained=True)self.num_features = self.model.fc.in_featuresself.model.fc = nn.Linear(self.num_features, 10)def forward(self, x):out = self.model(x)return out
def pytorch_resnet18():return resnet18()

全部代码的文件结构为：

知识点为听课总结笔记，课程为B站“2025最新整合！公认B站讲解最强【PyTorch】入门到进阶教程，从环境配置到算法原理再到代码实战逐一解读，比自学效果强得多！”：2025最新整合！公认B站讲解最强【PyTorch】入门到进阶教程，从环境配置到算法原理再到代码实战逐一解读，比自学效果强得多！_哔哩哔哩_bilibili

其实课程后续还有检测和分割，但是这两部分是在讲别人训练好的模型，不好做笔记，大家如果需要可以自己去看看！

所以，Pytorch学习完结撒花！！！！！！！！！！！！

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