mongodb命令db.createCollection(name, options)创建一个新集合。由于 MongoDB 在命令中首次引用集合时会隐式创建集合，因此此方法主要用于创建使用特定选项的新集合。

例如，您使用db.createCollection()创建：固定大小集合；集群化集合；使用模式验证的新集合。

db.createCollection() 方法具有以下原型形式：

db.createCollection( <name>,{capped: <boolean>,timeseries: {                  // Added in MongoDB 5.0timeField: <string>,        // required for time series collectionsmetaField: <string>,granularity: <string>,bucketMaxSpanSeconds: <number>,  // Added in MongoDB 6.3bucketRoundingSeconds: <number>  // Added in MongoDB 6.3},expireAfterSeconds: <number>,clusteredIndex: <document>,  // Added in MongoDB 5.3changeStreamPreAndPostImages: <document>,  // Added in MongoDB 6.0size: <number>,max: <number>,storageEngine: <document>,validator: <document>,validationLevel: <string>,validationAction: <string>,indexOptionDefaults: <document>,viewOn: <string>,pipeline: <pipeline>,collation: <document>,writeConcern: <document>})

db.createCollection()参数解释：

参数	类型	说明
`capped`	Boolean	是否为固定大小集合（默认`false`）
`size`	Number	固定集合的最大大小（字节），仅在`capped=true`时有效
`max`	Number	固定集合的最大文档数量
`validator`	Document	JSON Schema 验证器，确保文档符合特定格式
`storageEngine`	Document	存储引擎特定配置（如 WiredTiger 参数）
`indexes`	Array	创建集合时预定义的索引
`writeConcern`	Document	默认写关注级别
`readConcern`	Document	默认读关注级别
`autoIndexId`	Boolean	是否自动为`_id`字段创建索引（默认`true`）
`viewOn`	String	创建视图时指定源集合
`pipeline`	Array	视图的聚合管道
`collation`	Document	指定排序规则（如区分大小写）
`timeseries`	Document	时间序列集合配置
`expireAfterSeconds`	Number	TTL 索引，指定文档自动过期时间（秒）

mongodb源代码src\mongo\db\commands文件夹下面是命令文件所在地：

count_cmd.cpp封装count命令，distinct.cpp封装了distinct命令，dbcommands.cpp封装了CmdCreate和CmdDrop、CmdDatasize等。CmdCreate封装了创建collection过程。CreateCommand解析create命令，重点是CreateCommand怎么来的？工具跟踪进去是create_gen.cpp。create_gen.cpp原来是create.idl。

/* create collection */
class CmdCreate : public BasicCommand {
public:CmdCreate() : BasicCommand("create") {}virtual bool run(OperationContext* opCtx,const string& dbname,const BSONObj& cmdObj,BSONObjBuilder& result) {IDLParserErrorContext ctx("create");CreateCommand cmd = CreateCommand::parse(ctx, cmdObj);...}
} cmdCreate;

create.idl，idl文件是什么？

MongoDB 采用 IDL（接口定义语言）生成 C++ 代码是一种常见的工程实践，减少样板代码，提高开发效率，避免手动编写重复逻辑（如字段提取、类型检查、错误处理），确保代码一致性（所有命令遵循相同的验证规则）。

mongo\db\commands\create.idl内容是：

global:cpp_namespace: "mongo"imports:- "mongo/idl/basic_types.idl"commands:create:description: "Parser for the 'create' Command"namespace: concatenate_with_dbcpp_name: CreateCommandstrict: truefields:capped:description: "Specify true to create a capped collection. If you specify true, youmust also set a maximum size in the 'size' field."type: safeBooldefault: falseautoIndexId:description: "Specify false to disable the automatic creation of an index on the_id field."type: safeBooloptional: trueidIndex:description: "Specify the default _id index specification."type: objectoptional: truesize:...

create.idl怎么转换成create.cpp的呢？

在 buildscripts 有一个目录 idl，这里负责根据 src 中的 idl 生成文件。其中主要看buildscripts/idl/idl/generator.py文件，根据cpp_name生成对应的cpp文件，其中有一段逻辑：

def generate(self, spec):# type: (ast.IDLAST) -> None...spec_and_structs = spec.structsspec_and_structs += spec.commandsfor struct in spec_and_structs:self.gen_description_comment(struct.description)with self.gen_class_declaration_block(struct.cpp_name):self.write_unindented_line('public:')# Generate a sorted list of string constantsself.gen_string_constants_declarations(struct)self.write_empty_line()# Write constructorself.gen_class_constructors(struct)self.write_empty_line()# Write serializationself.gen_serializer_methods(struct)if isinstance(struct, ast.Command):self.gen_op_msg_request_methods(struct)# Write getters & settersfor field in struct.fields:if not field.ignore:if field.description:self.gen_description_comment(field.description)self.gen_getter(struct, field)if not struct.immutable and not field.chained_struct_field:self.gen_setter(field)if struct.generate_comparison_operators:self.gen_comparison_operators_declarations(struct)self.write_unindented_line('protected:')self.gen_protected_serializer_methods(struct)# Write private validatorsif [field for field in struct.fields if field.validator]:self.write_unindented_line('private:')for field in struct.fields:if not field.ignore and not struct.immutable and \not field.chained_struct_field and field.validator:self.gen_validators(field)self.write_unindented_line('private:')# Write command member variablesif isinstance(struct, ast.Command):self.gen_known_fields_declaration()self.write_empty_line()self.gen_op_msg_request_member(struct)# Write member variablesfor field in struct.fields:if not field.ignore and not field.chained_struct_field:self.gen_member(field)# Write serializer member variables# Note: we write these out second to ensure the bit fields can be packed by# the compiler.for field in struct.fields:if _is_required_serializer_field(field):self.gen_serializer_member(field)self.write_empty_line()for scp in spec.server_parameters:if scp.cpp_class is None:self._gen_exported_constexpr(scp.name, 'Default', scp.default, scp.condition)self._gen_extern_declaration(scp.cpp_vartype, scp.cpp_varname, scp.condition)self.gen_server_parameter_class(scp)if spec.configs:for opt in spec.configs:self._gen_exported_constexpr(opt.name, 'Default', opt.default, opt.condition)self._gen_extern_declaration(opt.cpp_vartype, opt.cpp_varname, opt.condition)self._gen_config_function_declaration(spec)

buildscripts/idl/idl/generator.py运行之后，python运行结果在对应的文件夹\build\opt\mongo\db\commands

create.idl生成了create_gen.h和create_gen.cpp，C++编译之后create_gen.obj文件。

\build\opt\mongo\db\commands\create_gen.h，createCollection命令中的各个参数在下面文件都能看到，参数的get和set方法，代码：

namespace mongo {/*** Parser for the 'create' Command*/
class CreateCommand {
public:...explicit CreateCommand(const NamespaceString nss);static CreateCommand parse(const IDLParserErrorContext& ctxt, const BSONObj& bsonObject);static CreateCommand parse(const IDLParserErrorContext& ctxt, const OpMsgRequest& request);void serialize(const BSONObj& commandPassthroughFields, BSONObjBuilder* builder) const;OpMsgRequest serialize(const BSONObj& commandPassthroughFields) const;BSONObj toBSON(const BSONObj& commandPassthroughFields) const;const NamespaceString& getNamespace() const { return _nss; }bool getCapped() const { return _capped; }void setCapped(bool value) & {  _capped = std::move(value);  }const boost::optional<bool> getAutoIndexId() const& { return _autoIndexId; }void getAutoIndexId() && = delete;void setAutoIndexId(boost::optional<bool> value) & {  _autoIndexId = std::move(value);  }
...

\build\opt\mongo\db\commands\create_gen.cpp，CreateCommand解析方法，createCollection命令解析成CreateCommand对象，代码：

namespace mongo {...
CreateCommand::CreateCommand(const NamespaceString nss) : _nss(std::move(nss)), _dbName(nss.db().toString()), _hasDbName(true) {// Used for initialization only
}CreateCommand CreateCommand::parse(const IDLParserErrorContext& ctxt, const BSONObj& bsonObject) {NamespaceString localNS;CreateCommand object(localNS);object.parseProtected(ctxt, bsonObject);return object;
}CreateCommand CreateCommand::parse(const IDLParserErrorContext& ctxt, const OpMsgRequest& request) {NamespaceString localNS;CreateCommand object(localNS);object.parseProtected(ctxt, request);return object;
}

总结：buildscripts/idl/idl/generator.py把create.idl转成create_gen.cpp和create_gen.h，再编译成create_gen.obj，CreateCommand对象封装命令createCollection。