一、实验目的:
- 配置各路由器上的物理接口的IP地址并实现互联互通
- 配置各路由器的 Loopback 的IP地址并实现互联互通(包括备份路由,默认路由)
- 图中三个路由器型号为 AR3620。
二、配置物理接口ip
- 基础配置
设备命名<Huawei>sys # Tab键补全
<Huawei>system-view # 进入系统视图
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys
[Huawei]sysname AR1 # 设备命名
[AR1]
其他设备类似
2. 查看路由器当前接口IP地址配置与路由表
[AR1] display ip interface brief
display ip interface brief 命令用来查看接口与IP相关的简要信息,包括IP地址、子网掩码、物理状态和协议状态以及处于不同状态的接口数目等。
display ip interface 查看接口和ip详细信息
查看路由表信息:
<AR1>display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: PublicDestinations : 13 Routes : 13 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface10.0.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack010.0.1.2/32 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.12.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/010.0.1.3/32 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.13.3 GigabitEthernet
0/0/110.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.12.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/010.0.12.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/010.0.12.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/010.0.13.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.13.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/110.0.13.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/110.0.13.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
-
InLoopBack0为设备上默认创建的环回接口,它是一个特殊的、固定的 LoopBack接口。
-
InLoopBack0接口使用环回地址127.0.0.1/8,用来接收所有发送给本机的数据包。该接口上的IP地址是不可以改变的,也不通过路由协议对外发布。
- 配置路由物理接口的IP地址
<AR1> system-view # 进入系统视图
[AR1]
[AR1]interface g # 按Tab键补全
[AR1]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 # 进入接口视图
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add # 按Tab键补全
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] ip address 10.0.12.1 24 # 配置ip地址及掩码
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
May 3 2022 11:01:57-08:00 AR1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IPon the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. # ip协议状态开启
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit # 返回上一级视图,即系统视图
[AR1]
[AR1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.13.1 24
May 3 2022 11:03:22-08:00 AR1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IPon the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] return # 直接返回用户视图
<AR1>
<AR1>save # 保存配置,不然关机要丢失。The current configuration will be written to the device. Are you sure to continue? (y/n)[n]:y # 输入y或Y表示继续It will take several minutes to save configuration file, please wait.......Configuration file had been saved successfull
AR2配置命令<AR2> system-view
[AR2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.0.12.2 24
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[AR2]
[AR2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.23.2 24
[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]return
<AR2>saveAR3配置命令<AR3> system-view
[AR3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.0.13.3 24
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[AR3]
[AR3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.23.3 24
[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]return
<AR3>save
- 测试以及查看路由表
# 使用ping工具测试联通性
<AR1>ping 10.0.12.2
…………
<AR1>ping 10.0.13.3
查看路由表:
AR1]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: PublicDestinations : 10 Routes : 10 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface10.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.12.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.12.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.12.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.13.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.13.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/110.0.13.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/110.0.13.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
可以看到,在接口IP地址配置完成之后,针对每个接口自动生成了三条直连路由。分别是:
- 指向接口所在网段的路由。
- 指向接口IP地址的主机路由。
- 指向接口所在网段广播地址的主机路由。
注:主机路由就是掩码长度为32的路由。
三、 配置LoopBack接口ip
- 创建并配置LoopBack接口
LoopBack接口属于设备上的逻辑接口,逻辑接口是指能够实现数据交换功能但物理上不存在、需要通过配置建立的接口。LoopBack接口创建后除非手工关闭该接口,否则LoopBack接口物理层状态和链路层协议永远处于UP状态。一般情况下,LoopBack接口使用32位掩码。
作用: - 作为一台路由器的管理地址,起到标识一台设备的作用。
- 使用该接口地址作为动态路由协议OSPF的router id。
- 其他提高网络可靠性的用途。
# AR1
[AR1]interface LoopBack0
[AR1-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.1.1 32
# AR2
[AR2]interface LoopBack0
[AR2-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.1.2 32
# AR3
[AR3]interface LoopBack0
[AR3-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.1.3 32
- 查看路由表
[AR1]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: PublicDestinations : 11 Routes : 11 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface10.0.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 # 生成的路由10.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.12.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.12.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.12.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.13.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.13.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/110.0.13.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/110.0.13.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
测试各LoopBack接口之间的联通性
[AR1]ping -a 10.0.1.1 10.0.1.2PING 10.0.1.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to breakRequest time outRequest time outRequest time outRequest time out
- 配置静态路由
#在R1上配置到达 R2和R3 的 LoopBack0 接口的静态路由条目
[AR1]ip route-static 10.0.1.2 32 10.0.12.2
[AR1]ip route-static 10.0.1.3 32 10.0.13.3
[AR2]ip route-static 10.0.1.1 32 10.0.12.1
[AR2]ip route-static 10.0.1.3 32 10.0.23.3
[AR3]ip route-static 10.0.1.1 32 10.0.13.1
[AR3]ip route-static 10.0.1.2 32 10.0.23.2
查看路由表
<AR1>display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: PublicDestinations : 13 Routes : 13 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface10.0.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack010.0.1.2/32 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.12.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/010.0.1.3/32 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.13.3 GigabitEthernet
0/0/110.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.12.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/010.0.12.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/010.0.12.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/010.0.13.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.13.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/110.0.13.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/110.0.13.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
- 配置LoopBack接口的备份路由
配置R1->R3->R2作为R1的 LoopBack0 到 R2的 LoopBack0 接口的备份路径
preference:优先级。值越大优先级越小。
# AR1
[AR1]ip route-static 10.0.1.2 32 10.0.13.3 preference 100
# AR2
[AR2]ip route-static 10.0.1.1 32 10.0.23.3 preference 100
选择查看R1 上的路由表
[AR1]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: PublicDestinations : 13 Routes : 13 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface10.0.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack010.0.1.2/32 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.1.3/32 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.13.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/110.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.12.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.12.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.12.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.13.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.13.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/110.0.13.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/110.0.13.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
此时配置的preference为100的静态路由没有被加载到路由表中。
#关闭R1和R2之间的链路对应的接口(GigabitEthernet0/0/0),使得优先级高的路由失效。
[AR1]interface g0/0/0
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] shutdown
Jul 1 2025 17:05:52-08:00 AR1 %%01IFPDT/4/IF_STATE(l)[0]:Interface GigabitEther
net0/0/0 has turned into DOWN state.
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
Jul 1 2025 17:05:52-08:00 AR1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IPon the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the DOWN state.
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]dis
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]disp
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]display ip rout
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: PublicDestinations : 10 Routes : 10 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface10.0.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack010.0.1.2/32 Static 100 0 RD 10.0.13.3 GigabitEthernet
0/0/110.0.1.3/32 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.13.3 GigabitEthernet
0/0/110.0.13.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.13.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/110.0.13.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/110.0.13.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
undo shutdown: 打开端口/接口
[AR1]ping -a 10.0.1.1 10.0.1.2 PING 10.0.1.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to breakReply from 10.0.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=20 msReply from 10.0.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=40 msReply from 10.0.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=20 msReply from 10.0.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=20 msReply from 10.0.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=20 ms
追踪包转发路径
<AR1>tracert -a 10.0.1.1 10.0.1.2traceroute to 10.0.1.2(10.0.1.2), max hops: 30 ,packet length: 40,press CTRL_Cto break 1 10.0.13.3 10 ms 10 ms 20 ms 2 10.0.23.2 30 ms 30 ms 30 ms
tracert 命令主要用于查看数据包从源端到目的端的路径信息。可以看到数据包经过了R3的 GigabitEthernet0/0/0,再经过R3的GigabitEthernet0/0/1转发给R2的GigabitEthernet0/0/1。路径即为 R1->R3->R2。
// 开启原先关闭的R1与R2接口,并回到用户视图保存配置
[AR1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shutdown # 开启端口
[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]return # 直接返回用户视图
<AR1>save # 保存配置
4.配置默认路由:
通过默认路由实现 R1 的 LoopBack0 接口和 R2 的 LoopBack0 接口互联互通
// # 删除已经配置的路由条目 (包括备份路由)
[AR1]undo ip route-static 10.0.1.2 32 10.0.12.2
[AR1]undo ip route-static 10.0.1.2 32 10.0.13.3 preference 100 # 备份路由
R1上没有到R2的LoopBack0(10.0.1.2/32)的路由条目
[AR1]display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: PublicDestinations : 12 Routes : 12 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface10.0.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack010.0.1.3/32 Static 60 0 RD 10.0.13.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/110.0.12.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.12.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.12.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.12.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.13.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.13.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/110.0.13.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/110.0.13.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
R1上配置默认路由
[AR1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 10.0.12.2
默认路由已经被激活