在 .NET 或 .NET Core 应用中，若需在不依赖 Windows 服务、独立进程的前提下实现后台处理，Hangfire 是最成熟、简单的方案之一 —— 它可直接嵌入现有应用（如 ASP.NET Core Web 应用），无需额外部署，同时提供任务持久化、监控和重试能力。以下从 核心优势、快速集成步骤、关键用法 三方面，梳理如何用 Hangfire 实现后台处理：
一、为什么选择 Hangfire（核心优势）
- 零额外部署：可直接嵌入 Web 应用、控制台应用，无需单独部署 Windows 服务或计划任务；
- 任务持久化：支持 SQL Server、MySQL、Redis 等存储，应用重启后未执行的任务不会丢失；
- 可视化监控：自带 Dashboard 控制台，可实时查看任务状态（成功 / 失败 / 排队）、执行日志、重试记录；
- 多任务类型支持：覆盖常见后台场景（一次性任务、定时任务、周期性任务）；
- 高可靠性：自动重试失败任务，支持任务优先级（队列区分），避免单点故障。
Install-Package Hangfire.AspNetCore
Install-Package Hangfire.MySqlStorage #region Hangfire与MySQLstring connString = configuration.GetConnectionString("Hangfire")?? throw new ArgumentException("未找到Hangfire连接字符串");context.Services.AddHangfire(config =>{config.SetDataCompatibilityLevel(CompatibilityLevel.Version_180).UseSimpleAssemblyNameTypeSerializer().UseRecommendedSerializerSettings();config.UseStorage(new MySqlStorage(connString, new MySqlStorageOptions()));});context.Services.AddHangfireServer();context.Services.AddTransient<IBackgroundJobClient, BackgroundJobClient>();#endregion#region 定义Queuescontext.Services.AddHangfireServer(options =>{options.Queues = new[] { "maintenance-plan-overtime" };options.WorkerCount = 1;});#endregion
}public override async Task OnApplicationInitializationAsync(
ApplicationInitializationContext context)
{await context.AddBackgroundWorkerAsync<LimitRecordWorker>();
}public override Task OnPostApplicationInitializationAsync(ApplicationInitializationContext context)
{const string NAME = "HangfirePeriodicBackgroundWorkerAdapter<BackgroundJobWorker>.DoWorkAsync";RecurringJob.RemoveIfExists(NAME);return base.OnPostApplicationInitializationAsync(context);
}如果你想使用 Hangfire Dashboard 来查看和管理后台任务，你需要在 Configure 方法中添加相应的中间件：
app.UseHangfireDashboard();定时任务：
public class LimitRecordWorker : HangfireBackgroundWorkerBase
{private readonly IAbpDistributedLock _distributedLock;private readonly IUnitOfWorkManager _unitOfWorkManager;private readonly IBackgroundJobManager _backgroundJobManager;public LimitRecordWorker(IAbpDistributedLock distributedLock,IUnitOfWorkManager unitOfWorkManager,IConfiguration configuration,IBackgroundJobManager backgroundJobManager){_distributedLock = distributedLock;_unitOfWorkManager = unitOfWorkManager;RecurringJobId = nameof(LimitRecordWorker);_backgroundJobManager = backgroundJobManager;CronExpression = configuration["Crons:LimitRecordCron"];}public override async Task DoWorkAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken = default){await using (var handle = await _distributedLock.TryAcquireAsync("LimitRecordDistributedLock", TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10))){if (handle != null){using (var uow = LazyServiceProvider.LazyGetRequiredService<IUnitOfWorkManager>().Begin()){Log.Information("LimitRecordWorker" + DateTime.Now);for (int i = 0; i <= 5; i++){MaintenancePlanOverTimeArgs workProcedureLeaderArgs = new MaintenancePlanOverTimeArgs();workProcedureLeaderArgs.Serial = i;await _backgroundJobManager.EnqueueAsync(workProcedureLeaderArgs, delay: TimeSpan.FromHours(workProcedureLeaderArgs.OverTime % 24));}await uow.CompleteAsync();}}}}
}队列服务：
[Queue("maintenance-plan-overtime")]public class MaintenancePlanOverTimeJob : AsyncBackgroundJob<MaintenancePlanOverTimeArgs>, ITransientDependency{public MaintenancePlanOverTimeJob(){}public override async Task ExecuteAsync(MaintenancePlanOverTimeArgs args){Log.Information("MaintenancePlanOverTimeJob:" + args.Serial + "--" + DateTime.Now);}}public class MaintenancePlanOverTimeArgs{public int Serial { get; set; }public List<Guid> EmployeeIds { get; set; }public Guid DepartmentId { get; set; }public Guid? WorkProcedureId { get; set; }public Guid? DeviceDetailTypeId { get; set; }public double OverTime { get; set; }}效果：
)
