首先来看效果
这个主要是为了防止篡改请求的。
我们这里采用的是一个AOP的拦截,在有需要这样的接口上添加了加密处理。
下面是一些功能
防篡改 | HMAC-SHA256 参数签名 | 密钥仅客户端 & 服务器持有 |
---|---|---|
防重放 | 秒级时间戳 + 有效窗口校验 | 默认允许 ±5 分钟 |
防窃听 | AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding 加密业务体 | 对称密钥 16/24/32 字符 |
最小侵入 | Spring AOP + 自定义注解 | @SecureApi 一行即可启用 |
前后端交互流程
- 前端:在请求拦截器里自动
- 生成
timestamp
- 将业务 JSON → AES 加密得到
data
- 按字典序拼接
timestamp=data
,用 HMAC-SHA256 生成sign
- 生成
- 后端切面:仅拦截被
@SecureApi
标记的方法/类- 解析三字段 → 校验时间窗口
- 移除
sign
再验签 - 成功后解密
data
→ 注入request.setAttribute("secureData", plaintext)
源码部分
首先是定义一个注解。
/*** 在 Controller 方法或类上添加该注解后,将启用参数签名、时间戳校验和 AES 解密校验。*/
@Target({ ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE })
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface SecureApi {
}
最主要的拦截器
package com.xiaou.secure.aspect;import com.xiaou.secure.exception.SecureException;
import com.xiaou.secure.properties.SecureProperties;
import com.xiaou.secure.util.AESUtil;
import com.xiaou.secure.util.SignUtil;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextHolder;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.ServletRequestAttributes;import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.time.Instant;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;/*** 安全校验切面*/
@Aspect
@Component
public class SecureAspect {private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SecureAspect.class);@Autowiredprivate SecureProperties properties;@Around("@annotation(com.xiaou.secure.annotation.SecureApi)")public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) throws Throwable {ServletRequestAttributes attrs = (ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();if (attrs == null) {return pjp.proceed();}HttpServletRequest request = attrs.getRequest();Map<String, String> params = extractParams(request);// 1. 时间戳校验validateTimestamp(params.get("timestamp"));// 2. 签名校验validateSign(params);// 3. AES 解密 data 字段if (params.containsKey("data")) {String plaintext = AESUtil.decrypt(params.get("data"), properties.getAesKey());// 把解密后的内容放到 request attribute,方便业务层读取request.setAttribute("secureData", plaintext);}return pjp.proceed();}private Map<String, String> extractParams(HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = request.getParameterMap();Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<>();parameterMap.forEach((k, v) -> params.put(k, v[0]));// 如果没有参数,但可能是 JSON body,需要读取 bodyif (params.isEmpty() && request.getContentType() != null&& request.getContentType().startsWith("application/json")) {String body = readBody(request);if (body != null && !body.isEmpty()) {try {com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper mapper = new com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper();Map<String, Object> jsonMap = mapper.readValue(body, Map.class);jsonMap.forEach((k, v) -> params.put(k, v == null ? null : v.toString()));} catch (Exception e) {// 回退到原始 & 分隔的解析方式,兼容 x-www-form-urlencoded 字符串Arrays.stream(body.split("&")).forEach(kv -> {String[] kvArr = kv.split("=", 2);if (kvArr.length == 2) {params.put(kvArr[0], kvArr[1]);}});}}}return params;}private String readBody(HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();try (BufferedReader reader = request.getReader()) {String line;while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {sb.append(line);}}return sb.toString();}private void validateTimestamp(String timestampStr) {if (timestampStr == null) {throw new SecureException("timestamp missing");}long ts;try {ts = Long.parseLong(timestampStr);} catch (NumberFormatException e) {throw new SecureException("timestamp invalid");}long now = Instant.now().getEpochSecond();if (Math.abs(now - ts) > properties.getAllowedTimestampOffset()) {throw new SecureException("timestamp expired");}}private void validateSign(Map<String, String> params) {String sign = params.remove("sign");if (sign == null) {throw new SecureException("sign missing");}// 排序Map<String, String> sorted = params.entrySet().stream().sorted(Map.Entry.comparingByKey()).collect(Collectors.toMap(Map.Entry::getKey, Map.Entry::getValue, (a, b) -> b, LinkedHashMap::new));String expected = SignUtil.sign(sorted, properties.getSignSecret());if (!Objects.equals(expected, sign)) {throw new SecureException("sign invalid");}}
}
配置方面:
springboot自动配置
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass(WebMvcConfigurer.class)
@AutoConfigureAfter(name = "org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration")
public class SecureAutoConfiguration {@Bean@ConditionalOnMissingBeanpublic SecureProperties secureProperties() {return new SecureProperties();}
}
动态配置 当然也可以用静态的
/*** 安全模块配置*/
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "secure")
public class SecureProperties {/*** AES 密钥(16/24/32 位)*/// 默认 16 字符,避免 InvalidKeyExceptionprivate String aesKey = "xiaou-secure-123";/*** 签名密钥*/private String signSecret = "xiaou-sign-secret";/*** 允许的时间差 (秒),默认 300 秒*/private long allowedTimestampOffset = 300;public String getAesKey() {return aesKey;}public void setAesKey(String aesKey) {this.aesKey = aesKey;}public String getSignSecret() {return signSecret;}public void setSignSecret(String signSecret) {this.signSecret = signSecret;}public long getAllowedTimestampOffset() {return allowedTimestampOffset;}public void setAllowedTimestampOffset(long allowedTimestampOffset) {this.allowedTimestampOffset = allowedTimestampOffset;}
}
工具类:
package com.xiaou.secure.util;import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Base64;/*** AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding 工具类*/
public class AESUtil {private static final String AES_CBC_PKCS5 = "AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding";private static final String AES = "AES";private AESUtil() {}public static String encrypt(String data, String key) {try {Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(AES_CBC_PKCS5);SecretKeySpec skeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(key.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), AES);IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec(key.substring(0, 16).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, skeySpec, iv);byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(data.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(encrypted);} catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException("AES encrypt error", e);}}public static String decrypt(String cipherText, String key) {try {Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(AES_CBC_PKCS5);SecretKeySpec skeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(key.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), AES);IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec(key.substring(0, 16).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, skeySpec, iv);byte[] original = cipher.doFinal(Base64.getDecoder().decode(cipherText));return new String(original, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);} catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException("AES decrypt error", e);}}
}
package com.xiaou.secure.util;import org.apache.commons.codec.digest.HmacAlgorithms;
import org.apache.commons.codec.digest.HmacUtils;import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.StringJoiner;/*** 签名工具类*/
public class SignUtil {private SignUtil() {}/*** 生成签名* * @param params 不包含 sign 的参数 map,已按字典序排序* @param secret 秘钥*/public static String sign(Map<String, String> params, String secret) {StringJoiner sj = new StringJoiner("&");params.forEach((k, v) -> sj.add(k + "=" + v));String data = sj.toString();return new HmacUtils(HmacAlgorithms.HMAC_SHA_256, secret.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)).hmacHex(data);}
}
以上就是全部源码
如果想要看具体的一个实现可以参考我的开源项目里面的xiaou-common-secure模块 https://github.com/xiaou61/U-space
使用流程
在需要的接口上添加注解
@SecureApi // 生效!@PostMapping("/student/save")public R<Void> saveStudent(HttpServletRequest request) {String json = (String) request.getAttribute("secureData"); // 解密后明文StudentDTO dto = JSON.parseObject(json, StudentDTO.class);//其他业务操作return R.ok();}
}
前端接入
1. 安装依赖
npm i crypto-js
2. 编写工具 (src/utils/secure.js)
import CryptoJS from 'crypto-js';const AES_KEY = import.meta.env.VITE_AES_KEY; // 16/24/32 字符,与后端保持一致
const SIGN_KEY = import.meta.env.VITE_SIGN_SECRET; // 与后端 sign-secret 一致// AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding 加密 → Base64
export function aesEncrypt(plainText) {const key = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse(AES_KEY);const iv = CryptoJS.enc.Utf8.parse(AES_KEY.slice(0, 16));const encrypted = CryptoJS.AES.encrypt(plainText, key, {iv,mode: CryptoJS.mode.CBC,padding: CryptoJS.pad.Pkcs7});return encrypted.ciphertext.toString(CryptoJS.enc.Base64);
}// 生成签名:字典序拼接后做 HMAC-SHA256
export function sign(params) {const sortedStr = Object.keys(params).sort().map(k => `${k}=${params[k]}`).join('&');return CryptoJS.HmacSHA256(sortedStr, SIGN_KEY).toString();
}
封装
import http from './request'
import { aesEncrypt, sign as genSign } from './secure'// securePost 重新实现:封装 { timestamp, data: cipher, sign }export async function securePost (url, bizData = {}, { encrypt = true } = {}) {const timestamp = Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000) // 秒级时间戳,和后端配置一致// 若开启加密,将 bizData 加密为 Base64 字符串const cipherText = encrypt ? aesEncrypt(bizData) : JSON.stringify(bizData)// 组装待签名参数const payload = {timestamp,data: cipherText}// 生成签名payload.sign = genSign(payload)// 发送 JSONreturn http.post(url, payload, {headers: {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}})
}// 向后兼容:导出旧别名
export { securePost as securePostV2 }
调用
export const login = (data) => {// 学生登录接口使用新的 securePost (AES/CBC + HMAC-SHA256)return securePost('/student/auth/login', data)
}
原理解析
这个接口加密机制的出发点其实很简单:
我们不希望别人伪造请求或者直接看到请求内容。尤其是在登录、提交表单这种接口上,如果不做处理,参数一旦被篡改或者被抓包,后果可能挺严重。
所以我们在请求中加了一些“安全三件套”:
第一是签名。前端每次发请求的时候,会把参数(主要是 timestamp
和加密后的 data
)按字典序拼起来,然后用我们双方约定好的一个密钥生成一个签名(HMAC-SHA256 算法)。后端拿到请求后,同样的算法再生成一遍签名,两个对不上就直接拒绝。这个方式能有效防止参数被篡改。
第二是时间戳。我们不允许别人把一两分钟前抓到的请求再发一次,所以前端在请求里带上当前时间(秒级)。后端检查这个时间是否还在允许的时间窗口(比如前后 5 分钟)内,超了就拒绝。这个能防止重放攻击。
第三是加密。我们不希望别人看到业务参数,比如手机号、密码、验证码这类字段,所以前端用 AES(CBC 模式)把整个业务数据 JSON 加密成密文,后端收到后再解密拿出真实参数。密钥是我们自己设定的,别人拿不到。
整套逻辑通过 Spring AOP 实现,不需要每个接口去写重复代码,只要在 Controller 上加一个 @SecureApi
注解就行了。请求数据校验通过后,解密出来的原始 JSON 会通过 request.setAttribute("secureData", plaintext)
注入进去,业务代码直接拿就行。
整体上,这个方案是为了在不增加太多开发成本的前提下,做到参数不可篡改、请求不可复用、敏感数据不可明文传输。
流程图
高清流程图
https://yxy7auidhk0.feishu.cn/wiki/LuXjwlXjxiFk4tkgrUEc0Ppbn4n?from=from_copylink