AddressSanitizer是gcc自带的内存检测工具，无需额外安装

常见问题

#include <stdlib.h>// 越界访问
void stack_buffer_overflow()
{char buffer[1];int i = 10;buffer[i] = 'A'; // 访问越界
}// 野指针
void use_after_free()
{char *text = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char) * 5);free(text);text[0] = '1'; // 访问已释放内存
}// 内存泄漏
void leak_memory()
{char *text = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char) * 5);
}

AddressSanitizer使用示例

// main.c
#include <stdlib.h>// 野指针
void use_after_free()
{char *text = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char) * 5);free(text);text[0] = '1'; // 访问已释放内存
}int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{use_after_free();return 0;
}

运行就能输出对应的错误信息

$ gcc main.c -o main -fsanitize=address  -g && ./main=================================================================
==25561==ERROR: AddressSanitizer: heap-use-after-free on address 0x6020000000d0 at pc 0x000109372ee1 bp 0x7ff7b6b8cef0 sp 0x7ff7b6b8cee8
WRITE of size 1 at 0x6020000000d0 thread T0#0 0x109372ee0 in use_after_free main.c:17#1 0x109372f2a in main main.c:28#2 0x7ff80bb45365 in start+0x795 (dyld:x86_64+0xfffffffffff5c365)0x6020000000d0 is located 0 bytes inside of 5-byte region [0x6020000000d0,0x6020000000d5)
freed by thread T0 here:#0 0x109e18b69 in wrap_free+0xa9 (libclang_rt.asan_osx_dynamic.dylib:x86_64h+0xdcb69)#1 0x109372e9e in use_after_free main.c:15#2 0x109372f2a in main main.c:28#3 0x7ff80bb45365 in start+0x795 (dyld:x86_64+0xfffffffffff5c365)previously allocated by thread T0 here:#0 0x109e18a20 in wrap_malloc+0xa0 (libclang_rt.asan_osx_dynamic.dylib:x86_64h+0xdca20)#1 0x109372e91 in use_after_free main.c:14#2 0x109372f2a in main main.c:28#3 0x7ff80bb45365 in start+0x795 (dyld:x86_64+0xfffffffffff5c365)SUMMARY: AddressSanitizer: heap-use-after-free main.c:17 in use_after_free
Shadow bytes around the buggy address:0x601ffffffe00: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000x601ffffffe80: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000x601fffffff00: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000x601fffffff80: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000x602000000000: fa fa fd fd fa fa 00 00 fa fa 00 04 fa fa 00 00
=>0x602000000080: fa fa 00 04 fa fa 00 00 fa fa[fd]fa fa fa fa fa0x602000000100: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa0x602000000180: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa0x602000000200: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa0x602000000280: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa0x602000000300: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa
Shadow byte legend (one shadow byte represents 8 application bytes):Addressable:           00Partially addressable: 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 Heap left redzone:       faFreed heap region:       fdStack left redzone:      f1Stack mid redzone:       f2Stack right redzone:     f3Stack after return:      f5Stack use after scope:   f8Global redzone:          f9Global init order:       f6Poisoned by user:        f7Container overflow:      fcArray cookie:            acIntra object redzone:    bbASan internal:           feLeft alloca redzone:     caRight alloca redzone:    cb
==25561==ABORTING
zsh: abort      ./main