系统概述

这是一个功能完善的药店药品管理系统，使用C语言开发，基于链表数据结构实现。系统提供药品信息的增删改查、排序和持久化存储功能，适用于药店日常药品管理工作。

数据结构设计

#define MAX_NAME_LEN 50
#define MAX_ID_LEN 20
#define FILENAME "medicine.dat"/* 药品信息结构体 */
typedef struct Medicine {char id[MAX_ID_LEN];       // 药品编号char name[MAX_NAME_LEN];   // 药品名称float price;               // 单价int stock;                 // 库存数量struct Medicine *next;     // 链表指针
} Medicine;

系统核心函数

1. 链表初始化与持久化

/* 从文件加载数据 */
void loadFromFile() {FILE *file = fopen(FILENAME, "rb");if (!file) return;Medicine temp;while (fread(&temp, sizeof(Medicine), 1, file)) {Medicine *newMed = (Medicine*)malloc(sizeof(Medicine));*newMed = temp;newMed->next = head;head = newMed;medicineCount++;}fclose(file);
}/* 保存数据到文件 */
void saveToFile() {FILE *file = fopen(FILENAME, "wb");if (!file) {printf("无法打开文件进行保存！\n");return;}Medicine *current = head;while (current) {fwrite(current, sizeof(Medicine), 1, file);current = current->next;}fclose(file);printf("成功保存%d条药品记录！\n", medicineCount);
}

2. 药品添加功能

void addMedicine() {Medicine *newMed = (Medicine*)malloc(sizeof(Medicine));printf("\n--- 添加新药品 ---\n");// 输入药品编号并检查重复printf("输入药品编号: ");scanf("%s", newMed->id);clearInputBuffer();Medicine *current = head;while (current) {if (strcmp(current->id, newMed->id) == 0) {printf("错误：药品编号已存在！\n");free(newMed);return;}current = current->next;}// 输入其他信息printf("输入药品名称: ");fgets(newMed->name, MAX_NAME_LEN, stdin);newMed->name[strcspn(newMed->name, "\n")] = '\0';printf("输入药品单价: ");scanf("%f", &newMed->price);printf("输入库存数量: ");scanf("%d", &newMed->stock);clearInputBuffer();// 添加到链表头部newMed->next = head;head = newMed;medicineCount++;printf("药品添加成功！\n");
}

3. 药品删除功能

void deleteMedicine() {char id[MAX_ID_LEN];printf("\n--- 删除药品 ---\n");printf("输入要删除的药品编号: ");scanf("%s", id);clearInputBuffer();Medicine *current = head;Medicine *prev = NULL;while (current) {if (strcmp(current->id, id) == 0) {if (prev) {prev->next = current->next;} else {head = current->next;}free(current);medicineCount--;printf("药品删除成功！\n");return;}prev = current;current = current->next;}printf("未找到该药品！\n");
}

4. 药品查询功能

void searchMedicine() {char keyword[MAX_NAME_LEN];int found = 0;printf("\n--- 药品查询 ---\n");printf("输入药品编号或名称: ");fgets(keyword, MAX_NAME_LEN, stdin);keyword[strcspn(keyword, "\n")] = '\0';Medicine *current = head;printf("\n%-15s %-20s %-10s %-10s\n", "编号", "名称", "单价", "库存");printf("------------------------------------------------\n");while (current) {if (strstr(current->id, keyword) || strstr(current->name, keyword)) {printf("%-15s %-20s %-10.2f %-10d\n", current->id, current->name, current->price, current->stock);found = 1;}current = current->next;}if (!found) {printf("未找到匹配的药品！\n");}
}

5. 排序功能实现

/* 按价格排序(冒泡排序) */
void sortByPrice() {if (!head || !head->next) return;int swapped;Medicine *ptr1;Medicine *lptr = NULL;do {swapped = 0;ptr1 = head;while (ptr1->next != lptr) {if (ptr1->price < ptr1->next->price) {// 交换节点数据Medicine temp = *ptr1;strcpy(ptr1->id, ptr1->next->id);strcpy(ptr1->name, ptr1->next->name);ptr1->price = ptr1->next->price;ptr1->stock = ptr1->next->stock;strcpy(ptr1->next->id, temp.id);strcpy(ptr1->next->name, temp.name);ptr1->next->price = temp.price;ptr1->next->stock = temp.stock;swapped = 1;}ptr1 = ptr1->next;}lptr = ptr1;} while (swapped);printf("\n已按价格降序排序！\n");displayAll();
}

完整系统源码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>#define MAX_NAME_LEN 50
#define MAX_ID_LEN 20
#define FILENAME "medicine.dat"typedef struct Medicine {char id[MAX_ID_LEN];char name[MAX_NAME_LEN];float price;int stock;struct Medicine *next;
} Medicine;Medicine *head = NULL;
int medicineCount = 0;// 所有函数声明
void initSystem();
void saveToFile();
void loadFromFile();
void addMedicine();
void deleteMedicine();
void modifyMedicine();
void searchMedicine();
void displayAll();
void sortByPrice();
void sortByStock();
void clearInputBuffer();
void freeList();int main() {int choice;initSystem();while (1) {system("cls || clear");printf("\n===== 药店药品管理系统 =====\n");printf("1. 添加药品信息\n");printf("2. 删除药品信息\n");printf("3. 修改药品信息\n");printf("4. 查询药品信息\n");printf("5. 显示所有药品\n");printf("6. 按价格排序\n");printf("7. 按库存排序\n");printf("8. 保存数据\n");printf("0. 退出系统\n");printf("============================\n");printf("请选择操作: ");if (scanf("%d", &choice) != 1) {clearInputBuffer();printf("输入无效，请重新输入！\n");continue;}switch (choice) {case 1: addMedicine(); break;case 2: deleteMedicine(); break;case 3: modifyMedicine(); break;case 4: searchMedicine(); break;case 5: displayAll(); break;case 6: sortByPrice(); break;case 7: sortByStock(); break;case 8: saveToFile(); break;case 0: saveToFile();freeList();printf("系统已退出，数据已保存！\n");exit(0);default:printf("无效选择，请重新输入！\n");}printf("\n按回车键继续...");clearInputBuffer();getchar();}return 0;
}// 此处为前文列出的所有函数实现...